[Environmental factors and epidemiology of childhood type 1 diabetes].

Összefoglaló. A Nemzetközi Diabetes Szövetség (International Diabetes Federation, IDF) legutóbbi becslése szerint napjainkban több mint 600 000, 15 év alatti 1-es típusú cukorbeteg gyermek él a világon, az új esetek száma pedig évi 98 200-ra tehető. Az elmúlt évtizedekben az 1-es típusú diabetes incidenciája világszerte jelentősen nőtt ebben a korosztályban: Európában az 1989 és 2013 közötti periódusban átlagosan évi 3,4%-kal, ami 20 éven belül a betegek számának duplázódását vetíti előre a kontinensen.

[Community-acquired bacterial infections among type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized on a general medical ward: a clinical comparison].

Previous data showed bacterial infections among diabetic patients to be more serious and frequent, with higher mortality rates in comparison with non-diabetics. Recent investigations, however, are contradictory. The goal of our prospective, observational study was to compare patients hospitalized on a general medical ward due to community-acquired bacterial infections with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to those of non-diabetics (K) by 1) infection localization, 2) spectrum of pathogens, 3) three-month mortality rates.

[Genetics of type 1 diabetes: present and future].

Over the past decades the majority of genetic research focused on common diseases, and remarkable results were obtained for exploring the genetic background of type 1 diabetes. The classic linkage analyses and the modern genome-wide association studies demonstrated that the genetic background is the primary risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity while the progression to clinical onset could be triggered by the genetic factors, epigenetic modifications of gene expression and environmental factors together. The new system biology concept can help to understand the mechanisms underlying the immune-mediated beta-cell destruction by generating networks based on data from whole genome scans, fine mapping and gene expression studies to develop targeted prevention and therapeutic strategies.

Lymphocyte activation in type 1 diabetes mellitus: the increased significance of Kv1.3 potassium channels.

Kv1.3 and IKCa1 potassium channels participate in the maintenance of calcium-influx during lymphocyte activation. Kv1.

Association of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha gene polymorphism with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a Caucasian (Hungarian) sample.

Background: Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in neo-vascularisation, embryonic pancreas beta-cell mass development, and beta cell protection. Recently a non synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (g.C45035T SNP, rs11549465) of HIF-1alpha gene, resulting in the p.

A detailed investigation of maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) including clinical characteristics, C-peptide secretion, HLA-DR and -DQ status and autoantibody pattern.

Background: This article presents a clinically characterization of the mitochondrial DNA mutation (A3243G) associated with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) syndrome in two families.

Methods: Six patients with MIDD and one mutation-positive relative with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were examined. Fasting serum C-peptide was measured in all subjects and compared with controls having NGT (n = 14).

[Effectiveness of cardiometabolic risk reduction in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Unlabelled: The attainment and maintenance of therapeutic goal of cardiovascular risk factors are of great clinical importance. The effectiveness of cardiovascular risk management is not well characterized during regular care of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: The aim of the study was to estimate the effectiveness of cardiovascular risk management in type 1 diabetic patients.

Glutathione S-transferase enzyme polymorphisms in a Hungarian myelodysplasia study population.

GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 Ile105Val that are members of the GST gene family encode for Phase II drug/xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, primarily with detoxifying function, and are polymorphic in humans. GSTM1 and GSTT1 homozygous deletion genotypes do not express the enzymes. It has been hypothesised that individuals with homozygous deletion of the GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 gene may have lower detoxification capacity towards genotoxic agents therefore those individuals may be at increased risk of myelodysplastic syndrome which is a preleukemic condition.

[Clinical symptoms and treatment of cervicofacial actinomycosis. Literature survey and case report].

Actinomycosis is a chronic, specific inflammation which is characterized by suppuration, abscess formation, tissue fibrosis and granuloma formation. Actinomycosis has three main forms (cervicofacial, which is the most frequent, approximately 60%, pulmonary and abdominal), but other regions of the body can be involved, too (e.g.

Frequency of carriers of 8.1 ancestral haplotype and its fragments in two Caucasian populations.

Within the human MHC region larger stretches of conserved DNA, called conserved ancestral haplotypes exist. However, many MHC haplotypes contain only fragments of an ancestral haplotype. Little is known, however, on relative distribution of the ancestral haplotypes to their fragments.

Effect of heat shock protein peptide DiaPep277 on beta-cell function in paediatric and adult patients with recent-onset diabetes mellitus type 1: two prospective, randomized, double-blind phase II trials.

Background: Aim of this trial was to test whether heat shock protein peptide DiaPep277 treatment in adult and paediatric patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) is safe and whether it can preserve endogenous insulin production.

Methods: Two studies were performed in a prospective, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fifty adult (study p520, aged 16-44 years) and 49 paediatric patients (study p521, 4-15 years) with recent-onset T1D were treated subcutaneously at four different time points with 0.

[Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus].

Beside the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus based on the measurement of blood glucose level, these days, the etiologic classification of the disease comes to the forefront. Genetic analysis (HLA typing, searching for glucokinase gene and mitochondrial gene mutations), immunologic examination (determination of islet specific autoantibodies) and measurement of the insulin secretory capacity help the etiologic classification. The most important result of classification is the discovery of the slowly progressive form of type 1 diabetes mellitus (formerly latent autoimmune diabetes in adults).

Overrepresentation of the N363S variant of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in patients with bilateral adrenal incidentalomas.

Context: Some variants of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene have been found to alter glucocorticoid sensitivity and have been associated with altered metabolic profiles.

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine whether N363S and ER22/23K variants of the GR gene may be associated with the development of adrenal incidentalomas and whether these variants may contribute to metabolic abnormalities frequently present in these patients.

Design, Setting, And Patients: The study included 99 patients with unilateral and 44 patients with bilateral adrenal incidentalomas, 102 population-matched control subjects, and 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The HLA 8.1 ancestral haplotype is strongly linked to the C allele of -429T>C promoter polymorphism of receptor of the advanced glycation endproduct (RAGE) gene. Haplotype-independent association of the -429C allele with high hemoglobinA1C levels in diabetic patients.

Previously we reported on strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the mono-S-C4B-RCCX module (mono-S) and the TNF2 allele (both known constituents of the 8.1 ancestral haplotype (8.1 AH)) in two Caucasian populations.

Similar genetic features and different islet cell autoantibody pattern of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) compared with adult-onset type 1 diabetes with rapid progression.

Objective: To compare the clinical parameters, C-peptide levels, pattern of islet cell-specific autoantibodies, and prevalence of predisposing genotypes in subjects with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and those with adult-onset type 1 diabetes with rapid progression.

Research Design And Methods: We evaluated the clinical parameters, C-peptide levels, and islet cell-specific autoantibodies in 54 LADA, 57 adult-onset type 1 diabetic, and 190 type 2 diabetic patients. Islet cell autoantibodies were also compared between subgroups of newly diagnosed patients with LADA and those with newly diagnosed adult-onset and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.

Differences in the genetic background of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: According to the recent classification of diabetes mellitus the Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) belongs to the group of type 1 autoimmune diabetes, as a slowly progressive form. Our aim was to determine (i) the prevalence of HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genotypes, and (ii) to determine the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha promoter polymorphism at position -308 (the G-->A substitution, designated the TNF2 allele) in patients with type 1 diabetes and with LADA compared with the healthy population.

Methods: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II genotypes and the TNF alpha promoter polymorphism were determined by PCR method.