Differential responses of Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2 to plant extracts and implications for endophytic interactions within different host plants.

Bradyrhizobium sp. strain SUTN9-2 demonstrates cell enlargement, increased DNA content, and efficient nitrogen fixation in response to rice (Oryza sativa) extract. This response is attributed to the interaction between the plant's cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) and the Bradyrhizobium BacA-like transporter (BclA), similar to bacteroid in legume nodules.

Unveiling the Impact of Shrimp piRNAs on WSSV Infection and Immune Modulation.

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in gene regulation and immune defense. This study investigates their function in Penaeus vannamei shrimp during White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) infection. Analysis of small RNA libraries from WSSV-infected shrimp hemocytes identified 82,788 piRNA homologs, with 138 showing altered expression during infection.

Insights into mungbean defense response to Cercospora leaf spot based on transcriptome analysis.

Several mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) cultivars are susceptible to Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora canescens Ellis & Martin, and it is necessary to explore resistance sources and understand resistance mechanisms. However, the CLS resistance mechanisms have not yet been explored.

A new type III effector from Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 encoding a putative SUMO-protease blocks nodulation in Arachis hypogaea L.

Effector proteins secreted via the type III secretion system (T3SS) of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia are key determinants of symbiotic compatibility in legumes. Previous report revealed that the T3SS of Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 plays negative effects on Arachis hypogaea symbiosis.

NopP2 effector of Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61 is a determinant of nodulation in Vigna radiata cultivars.

The symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobia is known to be influenced by specific rhizobial type III effectors (T3Es) in certain cases. In this study, we present evidence that the symbiosis between Vigna radiata and Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61 is controlled by a T3E called NopP2, and this interaction is highly dependent on the genetic makeup of the host plant. NopP2 plays a crucial role in promoting nodulation in various V.

Enhancing Resistance to Cercospora Leaf Spot in Mung Bean L.) through sp. DOA9 Priming: Molecular Insights and Bio-Priming Potential.

Mung bean ( L.), a vital legume in Asia with significant nutritional benefits, is highly susceptible to Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by , leading to significant yield losses. As an alternative to chemical fungicides, bio-priming with rhizobacteria can enhance plant resistance.

Proteomic profiles revealed enzymatic activities associated with the flavor formation of salted shrimp paste influenced by K-C3 inoculation.

Enzymatic proteomic profiles were examined to comprehend the predominant enzymes involved in the flavor development of salted shrimp paste influenced by K-C3 inoculation (Inoc), compared to those without inoculation (CON). Inoc showed greater proteolytic, lipolytic, and chitinolytic activities than CON ( < 0.05) throughout 30 days of fermentation, indicating 's ability to accelerate the fermentation rate and render distinctive flavor profiles to shrimp paste.

The impact of hot-air oven drying combined with Bacillus subtilis KC3 inoculation on quality characteristics and microbial profiles of salted shrimp paste.

This study used hot-air oven drying with Bacillus subtilis KC3 inoculation to improve shrimp paste production. The fermentation rate, quality characteristics, as well as microbial profiles, were compared to those produced using sun-drying with/without inoculation. B.

Participation of shrimp pva-miR-166 in hemocyte homeostasis by modulating apoptosis-related gene during white spot syndrome virus infection.

Tiny controllers referred to as microRNAs (miRNAs) impede the expression of genes to modulate biological processes. In invertebrates, particularly in shrimp as a model organism, it has been demonstrated that miRNAs play a crucial role in modulating innate immune responses against viral infection. By analyzing small RNAs, we identified 60 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in hemocytes following infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV).

CopG, a Novel Transcriptional Regulator Affecting Symbiosis in sp. SUTN9-2.

The symbiotic interaction between leguminous and sp. SUTN9-2 mainly relies on the nodulation process through Nod factors (NFs), while the type IV secretion system (T4SS) acts as an alternative pathway in this symbiosis. Two copies of T4SS (T4SS and T4SS) are located on the chromosome of SUTN9-2.

Transcriptomics and starch biosynthesis analysis in leaves and developing seeds of mung bean provide a basis for genetic engineering of starch composition and seed quality.

Mung bean starch is distinguished by its exceptional high amylose content and regulation of starch biosynthesis in leaves and storage tissues, such as seeds, share considerable similarities. Genetic engineering of starch composition and content, requires detailed knowledge of starch biosynthetic gene expression and enzymatic regulation. In this study we applied detailed transcriptomic analyses to unravel the global differential gene expression patterns in mung bean leaves and in seeds during various stages of development.

Virus-derived circular RNAs populate hepatitis C virus-infected cells.

It is known that pre-mRNAs in eukaryotic cells can be processed to circular RNAs by a backsplicing mechanism. Circular RNAs have great stability and can sequester proteins or small RNAs to exert functions on cellular pathways. Because viruses often exploit host pathways, we explored whether the RNA genome of the cytoplasmic hepatitis C virus is processed to yield virus-derived circRNAs (vcircRNAs).

Identification of immune-responsive circular RNAs in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) upon yellow head virus infection.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subclass of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) formed through a process known as back-splicing. They play a crucial role in the genetic regulation of various biological processes. Currently, circRNAs have been identified as participants in the antiviral response within mammalian cells.

Effect of fed dietary yeast (Rhodotorula paludigena CM33) on shrimp growth, gene expression, intestinal microbial, disease resistance, and meat composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.

Yeast is a health-promoting and bio-therapeutic probiotic that is commonly used in aquaculture. Rhodotorula paludigena CM33 can accumulate amounts of intracellular carotenoids and lipid, which are regarded as nutritionally beneficial compounds in various aspects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different levels of R.

Insights into Antifungal Mechanisms of Bacillus velezensis S141 against Cercospora Leaf Spot in Mungbean (V. radiata).

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) is caused by Cercospora canescens and is one of the most important diseases of mungbean (Vigna radiata). Cercospora leaf spot may result in economic loss in production areas. The present study investigated the potential of Bacillus velezensis S141 as a biocontrol agent for C.

Transcriptome-based insights into the regulatory role of immune-responsive circular RNAs in Litopanaeus vannamei upon WSSV infection.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) originating from a post-transcriptional modification process called back-splicing. Despite circRNAs being traditionally considered by-products rather than independently functional, circRNAs play many vital roles, such as in host immunity during viral infection. However, in shrimp, these remain largely unexplored.

The interferon-like proteins, Vagos, in Fenneropenaeus merguiensis elicit antimicrobial responses against WSSV and VP infection.

The Vago interferon-like protein participates in the interplay between interferon regulatory factors and the expression of immune-responsive genes. Vago was initially perceived to participate only in the antiviral activation through JAK/STAT pathway. However, certain isoforms of Vago can stimulate antimicrobial responses.

Symbiosis Contribution of Non-nodulating Bradyrhizobium cosmicum S23321 after Transferal of the Symbiotic Plasmid pDOA9.

The symbiotic properties of rhizobial bacteria are driven by the horizontal gene transfer of symbiotic genes, which are located in symbiosis islands or on plasmids. The symbiotic megaplasmid pDOA9 of Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9, carrying the nod, nif, fix, and type three secretion system (T3SS) genes, has been conjugatively transferred to different Bradyrhizobium strains.

Transcriptome profiling reveals the novel immunometabolism-related genes against WSSV infection from Fenneropenaeus merguiensis.

The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has been considered a serious threat to shrimp aquaculture. Besides, the activation of cell metabolism as an immune reaction to the virus is now recognized as a piece of the pivotal puzzle of the antiviral responses. Hence, this study explores the relationship between metabolic gene expression and antiviral responses in shrimp using transcriptome analysis.

Shrimp Vago5 activates an innate immune defense upon bacterial infection.

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, AHPND, caused by a specific Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) strain, results in a great loss of global shrimp production. This study performed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to identify differentially expressed genes from white shrimp Penaeus vannamei hemocyte upon VP infection. Among the immune-related genes identified, Vago5, kunitz, secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor, and profilin are the most abundant genes classified as the up-regulated genes in the SSH library.

The Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens type III effector NopE modulates the regulation of plant hormones towards nodulation in Vigna radiata.

Host-specific legume-rhizobium symbiosis is strictly controlled by rhizobial type III effectors (T3Es) in some cases. Here, we demonstrated that the symbiosis of Vigna radiata (mung bean) with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 is determined by NopE, and this symbiosis is highly dependent on host genotype. NopE specifically triggered incompatibility with V.

Cytotoxicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus AHPND toxin on shrimp hemocytes, a newly identified target tissue, involves binding of toxin to aminopeptidase N1 receptor.

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by PirABVP-producing strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, VPAHPND, has seriously impacted the shrimp production. Although the VPAHPND toxin is known as the VPAHPND virulence factor, a receptor that mediates its action has not been identified. An in-house transcriptome of Litopenaeus vannamei hemocytes allows us to identify two proteins from the aminopeptidase N family, LvAPN1 and LvAPN2, the proteins of which in insect are known to be receptors for Cry toxin.

Regulation of shrimp prophenoloxidase activating system by lva-miR-4850 during bacterial infection.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) suppress gene expression and regulate biological processes. Following small RNA sequencing, shrimp hemocytes miRNAs differentially expressed in response to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) were discovered and some were confirmed by qRT-PCR. VP-responsive miRNAs were predicted to target several genes in various immune pathways.