Noncavernous arteriovenous shunts mimicking carotid cavernous fistulae.

Purpose: The classic symptoms and signs of carotid cavernous sinus fistula or cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) consist of eye redness, exophthalmos, and gaze abnormality. The angiography findings typically consist of arteriovenous shunt at cavernous sinus with ophthalmic venous drainage with or without cortical venous reflux. In rare circumstances, the shunts are localized outside the cavernous sinus, but mimic symptoms and radiography of the cavernous shunt.

Radiographic Evaluation and Clinical Implications of Venous Connections Between Dural Arteriovenous Fistula of the Cavernous Sinus and Cerebellum and the Pontomedullary Venous System.

Objective: The types of cortical venous reflux channels, posterior fossa and pontomesencephalic venous reflux or their connections with the cavernous sinus (CS) are inadequately described in the literature. This study uses angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and X-ray computed tomography to clarify the possible route of cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae (CVDAVF) that causes posterior fossa and pontomedullary venous reflux and documents the clinical presentations associated with the reflux.

Methods: Eighty-six patients with CSDAVF treated at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, during 2009 to 2013 were studied retrospectively.

Filum terminale arteriovenous fistulas: the role of endovascular treatment.

Object: The authors describe the clinical presentation, imaging features, and management of patients presenting with filum terminale arteriovenous fistulas (FTAVFs) and the role of transarterial treatment in their management.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed data obtained in 10 patients with FTAVFs diagnosed between January 1990 and December 2011.

Results: Most patients (70%) were male, and the age of the population ranged from 31 to 72 years (mean 58.

Radiologic assessment of brain arteriovenous malformations: what clinicians need to know.

Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal vascular connections within the brain that are presumably congenital in nature. There are several subgroups, the most common being glomerular type brain AVMs, with fistulous type AVMs being less common. A brain AVM may also be a part of more extensive disease (eg, cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndrome).

Cervical spine dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with congestive myelopathy of the conus.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are the spinal vascular malformations that are encountered most often, and they are usually encountered in the lower thoracic region. Cervical spine DAVFs are exceedingly rare and may be difficult to differentiate from radicular arteriovenous malformations, epidural arteriovenous shunts, or perimedullary AVFs. Typical angiographic findings in spinal DAVFs include a slow-flow shunt with converging feeding vessels from radiculomeningeal arteries draining via a radicular vein centripetally into perimedullary veins.

Hydrocephalus in unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations: pathomechanical considerations, therapeutic implications, and clinical course.

Object: The goal in this study was to present possible pathological mechanisms, clinical and imaging findings, and to describe the management and outcome in patients with hydrocephalus due to unruptured pial brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Methods: Medical records and imaging findings in 8 consecutive patients with hydrocephalus caused by AVMs and treated between June 2000 and September 2007 were retrospectively reviewed to determine clinical symptoms, AVM location, venous drainage, level/cause of obstruction, and degree of hydrocephalus. Management of hydrocephalus, AVM treatment, complications, and follow-up results were evaluated.

Sclerosing therapy for orbital lymphangioma using sodium tetradecyl sulfate.

Purpose: To describe the results of intralesional injection of the sclerosing agent sodium tetradecyl sulfate in patients with orbital lymphangioma.

Methods: Four young patients with a history of orbital lymphangioma were treated on one or more occasions with percutaneous puncture and injection of sodium tetradecyl sulfate under computed tomography guidance. Resolution of the signs and symptoms, complications resulting from surgery, and recurrence of bleeding were studied.

Dural carotid cavernous sinus fistula: ocular characteristics, endovascular management and clinical outcome.

Objective: To describe the ocular findings, endovascular treatment, and clinical outcome in patients with dural carotid cavernous sinus fistula (CCF).

Material And Method: A retrospective evaluation of 80 consecutive patients who underwent examination and treatment for dural CCF between January 1997 and December 2004 was performed.

Results: Fifty females and 30 males, with an average age of 49 years (from 6 -80 years) participated in this study.

Dural arteriovenous shunts: a new classification of craniospinal epidural venous anatomical bases and clinical correlations.

Background And Purpose: The craniospinal epidural spaces can be categorized into 3 different compartments related to their specific drainage role of the bone and central nervous system, the ventral epidural, dorsal epidural, and lateral epidural groups. We propose this new classification system for dural arteriovenous shunts and compare demographic, angiographic, and clinical characteristics of dural arteriovenous shunts that develop in these 3 different locations.

Methods: Three hundred consecutive cases (159 females, 141 males; mean age: 47 years; range, 0 to 87 years) were reviewed for patient demographics, clinical presentation, multiplicity, presence of cortical and spinal venous reflux, and outflow restrictions and classified into the 3 mentioned groups.