Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's sleep habits: an ECHO study.

Background: Sleep in childhood is affected by behavioral, environmental, and parental factors. We propose that these factors were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates sleep habit changes during the pandemic in 528 children 4-12 years old in the US, leveraging data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program.

Racial/ethnic disparities in subjective sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep disturbances during pregnancy: an ECHO study.

In the United States, racial/ethnic minoritized groups experience worse sleep than non-Hispanic Whites (nHW), but less is known about pregnant people. This is a key consideration since poor sleep during pregnancy is common and associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. This study reports the prevalence of subjective sleep measures in a multi-racial/ethnic pregnant population from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program.

Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Update for the Primary Care Provider.

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common entity that can cause both daytime and nighttime issues. Children with symptoms should be screened for OSA. If possible, polysomnography should be performed to evaluate symptomatic children.

The effect of ventilation on spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability during exercise.

Heart rate variability (HRV) and systolic blood pressure variability (BPV) during incremental exercise at 50, 75, and 100% of previously determined ventilatory threshold (VT) were compared to that of resting controlled breathing (CB) in 12 healthy subjects. CB was matched with exercise-associated respiratory rate, tidal volume, and end-tidal CO(2) for all stages of exercise. Power in the low frequency (LF, 0.

Supplemental oxygen increases arterial stiffness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Study Objectives: Recently, we demonstrated significantly improved baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and autonomic balance after 31% supplemental oxygen (SuppO2) in resting patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In order to investigate whether peripheral arterial stiffness changes may play a role, we evaluated changes in peripheral arterial stiffness and BRS after SuppO2.

Design: Single blinded crossover design.

Lower airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and primary pulmonary hypertension in children.

We investigated the prevalence and reversibility of lower airway obstruction (LAO) and its correlation with pulmonary artery pressure in children with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). The analysis was performed retrospectively in a cohort of children with PPH between 5-18 years of age. PPH was defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAPm) >25 mmHg at rest, or >30 mmHg during exercise, with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in the absence of other causes.

High-frequency modulation of heart rate variability during exercise in patients with COPD.

Study Objectives: To evaluate cardiac autonomic modulation in patients with COPD during peak exercise.

Methods: Fifty-three patients with COPD (mean FEV(1), 35% predicted [SD, 11% predicted]; mean PaO(2), 68 mm Hg [SD, 11 mm Hg]; mean PaCO(2), 40 mm Hg [SD, 7 mm Hg]; mean age, 61 years [SD, 10 years]; 26 women and 27 men) and 14 healthy control subjects aged 60 years (SD, 8 years) [seven women and seven men] were studied at rest and during ramped bicycle ergometry to their volitional peak. Patients were not receiving autonomic medications other than inhaled beta-agonist agents and/or anticholinergic agents.

Arterial stiffness increases during obstructive sleep apneas.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) appears to be an independent risk factor for diurnal systemic hypertension, but the specific biologic markers for this association have not been well established. Increased arterial stiffness is an important measure of increased left ventricular load and a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and may precede the onset of systemic hypertension in humans. However, arterial stiffness has not been measured in association with obstructive apneas in patients with OSA, nor related to systemic blood pressure (BP) activity in this setting.