Evolution and recent development of cellulose-modified, nucleic acid-based and green nanosensors for trace heavy metal ion analyses in complex media: A review.

With increased manufacturing activities and energy sector development, monitoring of heavy metal ion (HMI) pollution is becoming increasingly pressing. The discharge of metals from industrial effluents into the waterways could cause major economic and environmental disruption. In situ and on-site detection methods of trace HMIs can be effective countermeasures before the toxicity spreads out to larger areas, affecting the ecosystem.