Efficiency fluctuations and noise induced refrigerator-to-heater transition in information engines.

Understanding noisy information engines is a fundamental problem of non-equilibrium physics, particularly in biomolecular systems agitated by thermal and active fluctuations in the cell. By the generalized second law of thermodynamics, the efficiency of these engines is bounded by the mutual information passing through their noisy feedback loop. Yet, direct measurement of the interplay between mutual information and energy has so far been elusive.

In situ procedure for high-efficiency computational modeling of atrial fibrillation reflecting personal anatomy, fiber orientation, fibrosis, and electrophysiology.

We previously reported the feasibility and efficacy of a simulation-guided clinical catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in an in-silico AF model. We developed a highly efficient realistic AF model reflecting the patient endocardial voltage and local conduction and tested its clinical feasibility. We acquired > 500 endocardial bipolar electrograms during right atrial pacing at the beginning of the AF ablation procedures.

Modernizing clinical practice guidelines for the American Academy of Dermatology.

The American Academy of Dermatology is modernizing its clinical practice guidelines to be more timely and easily interpretable, while decreasing the influence of conflicts of interest in guideline generation. The main changes include the transition from SORT to GRADE methodology and the requirement that nonconflicted members of the guideline work groups remain nonconflicted throughout the entire guidelines process.

Permanent Pacemaker Implantations after Catheter Ablation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Associated with Underlying Sinus Node Dysfunction.

Background And Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes and the incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation after catheter ablation in patients with of atrial fibrillation (AF) and sinus node dysfunction (SND).

Methods: Among 3,068 total consecutive patients who underwent AF catheter ablation (AFCA), this study included 222 (9.5%; men 53.

Clinical Usefulness of Computational Modeling-Guided Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Updated Outcome of Multicenter Randomized Study.

Objective: Catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) is still challenging, no optimal extra-pulmonary vein lesion set is known. We previously reported the clinical feasibility of computational modeling-guided AF catheter ablation.

Methods: We randomly assigned 118 patients with persistent AF (77.

Persistent atrial fibrillation over 3 years is associated with higher recurrence after catheter ablation.

Instruction: Longer atrial fibrillation (AF) durations have higher recurrence rates after rhythm control. However, there is limited data on the effect of the AF duration on recurrence after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation (AFCA). In the present study, we investigated the rhythm outcome of AFCA according to the AF duration based on the first electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis.

Pelvic Schwannoma: In light of a case report.

A 41-year-old man with abdominal enlargement, as a result of large retroperitoneal Schwannoma, was reported to our center. It was seen to have caused the displacement of the colon and was attached to the presacral region of the spine. Following the diagnosis, successful resection of Schwannoma was achieved.

Abdominal pain in the patient with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: A case report.

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is known to cause hypercoagulability, affecting a wide range of vessels, systematically. A 56-year-old woman was referred to our center with severe epigastric pain, with the history of APS. She was treated with packed cells, fresh frozen plasma and anticoagulation therapies.

Mass Spectrometry Based Immunopeptidomics Leads to Robust Predictions of Phosphorylated HLA Class I Ligands.

The presentation of peptides on class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA-I) molecules plays a central role in immune recognition of infected or malignant cells. In cancer, non-self HLA-I ligands can arise from many different alterations, including non-synonymous mutations, gene fusion, cancer-specific alternative mRNA splicing or aberrant post-translational modifications. Identifying HLA-I ligands remains a challenging task that requires either heavy experimental work for identification or optimized bioinformatics tools for accurate predictions.

Long-term fine particulate matter exposure and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: Although eastern Asian countries are exposed to high levels of air pollution, the impact of long-term exposures to fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality is not well identified. We assessed the relationship between long-term PM exposure and all-cause/cardiovascular mortalities.

Methods: We included 436,933 subjects who received national health examinations from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-based National Sample Cohort.

The Electrical Isolation of the Left Atrial Posterior Wall in Catheter Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.

Objectives: This study explored whether complete electrical isolation of the left atrial (LA) posterior wall improves the rhythm outcome of catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).

Background: Although the STAR AF2 (Substrate and Trigger Ablation for Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation Trial Part II) proved no additional benefit of empirical extra-pulmonary vein (PV) LA ablation, the long-term recurrence rate after circumferential PV isolation (CPVI) alone remains high.

Methods: We randomly assigned 217 patients with persistent AF (83.

Clinical significance of postoperative atrial arrhythmias in patients who underwent lung transplantation.

Background/aims: Atrial arrhythmia (AA) occasionally occurs after lung transplantation (LT); however, risk factors for AA and their impact on clinical outcomes are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the incidence, predisposing factors, and clinical outcomes of AA after LT.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 153 consecutive patients who underwent LT between January 2010 and August 2016.

Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay is associated with future occurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients with structurally normal heart.

Background: We aimed to elucidate the long-term prognosis of nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (NIVCD) in patients with structurally normal heart.

Methods: We included 107,838 patients (age, 52.1 ± 15.

Immunopeptidomics of colorectal cancer organoids reveals a sparse HLA class I neoantigen landscape and no increase in neoantigens with interferon or MEK-inhibitor treatment.

Background: Patient derived organoids (PDOs) can be established from colorectal cancers (CRCs) as in vitro models to interrogate cancer biology and its clinical relevance. We applied mass spectrometry (MS) immunopeptidomics to investigate neoantigen presentation and whether this can be augmented through interferon gamma (IFNγ) or MEK-inhibitor treatment.

Methods: Four microsatellite stable PDOs from chemotherapy refractory and one from a treatment naïve CRC were expanded to replicates with 100 million cells each, and HLA class I and class II peptide ligands were analyzed by MS.

The impact of cryoprotective media on cryopreservation of cells using loading trehalose.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of cryoprotective media on cryopreservation of Paesun cells using loading trehalose. 30 mM trehalose was added after confluence of cells, and cultures were further incubated for 18 h at 37 °C. Cryoprotective media was "Cryocool" for the experiment, while MEM containing 10% FBS for the control.

Long-Term Outcome of Additional Superior Vena Cava to Septal Linear Ablation in Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation.

Background We previously reported the benefit of linear ablation from the superior vena cava to the right atrial septum (SVC-L) within a year after circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). We explored the long-term effects of SVC-L and its potential related mechanisms. Methods and Results Among 2140 consecutive patients with AF ablation, we included 614 patients (73.

NPM and NPM-MLF1 interact with chromatin remodeling complexes and influence their recruitment to specific genes.

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is frequently mutated or subjected to chromosomal translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). NPM protein is primarily located in the nucleus, but the recurrent NPMc+ mutation, which creates a nuclear export signal, is characterized by cytoplasmic localization and leukemogenic properties. Similarly, the NPM-MLF1 translocation product favors the partial cytoplasmic retention of NPM.

Prevalence and Associated Stroke Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients With Atrial Fibrillation - A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known regarding the risk of ischemic stroke in HIV-infected individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and results: From the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2016, we analyzed 962,116 patients with prevalent non-valvular AF aged ≥18 years.

The optimal drug adherence to maximize the efficacy and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant in real-world atrial fibrillation patients.

Aims: To investigate the association between adherence to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) and clinical outcomes and to determine the optimal cut-off level of NOAC adherence among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods And Results: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we identified 96 197 patients with non-valvular AF who initiated NOAC or warfarin in 2013-16. We compared clinical outcomes between adherent [proportion of days covered (PDC) ≥80%] vs.

Genetic modification of primary human B cells to model high-grade lymphoma.

Sequencing studies of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have identified hundreds of recurrently altered genes. However, it remains largely unknown whether and how these mutations may contribute to lymphomagenesis, either individually or in combination. Existing strategies to address this problem predominantly utilize cell lines, which are limited by their initial characteristics and subsequent adaptions to prolonged in vitro culture.

Physical Activity and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Cohort Study in General Population.

Although exercise prevents cardiovascular disease and mortality, vigorous exercise and endurance athletics can cause atrial fibrillation (AF). However, no large cohort study has assessed the relationship between physical activity and AF in the general population. We assessed the effect of physical activity at different energy expenditures on the incidence of AF.

Five-Year Change in the Renal Function After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation.

Background Although it has been reported that renal function can improve after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), long-term changes in renal function and its relationship to rhythm outcomes have not yet been evaluated. We explored the 5-year change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in AF patients depending on medical therapy and catheter ablation. Methods and Results Among 1963 patients who underwent AF catheter ablation and 14 056 with AF under medical therapy in the National Health Insurance Service database, we compared 571 with AF catheter ablation (59±10 years old, 72.