Level, types and determinants of physical activity in children with type 1 diabetes and their parents: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the level, types and determinants of leisure time PA and exercise among children with type 1 diabetes and their parents.

Methods: One hundred twenty children aged 6-18 years with type 1 diabetes and 113 parents (n = 113) participated to this questionnaire-based study at Northern Ostrobothnia District Hospital in Oulu, western Finland. All participants gave informed consent before entering this study.

The natural history of emerging diabetic retinopathy and microalbuminuria from prepuberty to early adulthood in Type 1 diabetes: A 19-year prospective clinical follow-up study.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of long-term glycaemic control and glycaemic variability on microvascular complications in adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Twenty-six participants took part in a prospective follow-up study. We used univariate generalised estimating equations (GEE) analysis with first-order autoregressive AR(1) covariance structure for repeated measurements to evaluate the relationship between emerging diabetic retinopathy (DR) and each single explanatory variable, namely age at developmental stages from late prepuberty until early adulthood, duration of diabetes and long-term HbA .

Clustering of cardio-metabolic risk factors in parents of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria.

Objective: To evaluate the association between a clustering of cardio-metabolic risk factors in parents and the development of microalbuminuria (MA) in their offspring with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: The study population comprised 53 parents (mean age [±SD]: 56.7±6.

An independent effect of parental lipids on the offspring lipid levels in a cohort of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Background: Genetic factors modulate lipid levels and an intrafamilial aggregation of abnormal lipid profiles has been reported in the general population. As dyslipidemia is common among people with diabetes and has been related to diabetic nephropathy, we investigated whether parental lipid levels were related to lipids and albumin excretion in young offspring with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Non-fasting blood samples were collected from 895 offspring, 808 mothers and 582 fathers.

Maternal but not paternal association of ambulatory blood pressure with albumin excretion in young offspring with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Familial predisposition to hypertension has been associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy in adults, but there are limited data in adolescents. Our aim was to assess whether parental ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) was associated with ABP and albumin excretion in young offspring with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Twenty-four-hour ABP monitoring was performed in 509 young offspring (mean +/- SD age 15.