Direct gene transfer into Actinidia deliciosa protoplasts: analysis of transient expression of the CAT gene using TLC autoradiography and a GC-MS-based method.

Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene was used as a reporter gene to assess the conditions for polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transfection of kiwifruit protoplasts. The effect of plasmid concentration and the presence of carrier DNA were each assessed by analysing CAT activity in transfected protoplasts using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) autoradiographic detection of acetylated chloramphenicol. A gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) non-radioactive method was developed for monitoring CAT gene activity.

Direct in vitro and in vivo monitoring of destruxins metabolism in insects using internal surface reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. I. Behaviour of E destruxin in locusts.

High-performance liquid chromatography with internal surface reversed-phase packing provides an analytical tool for studying the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of A and E destruxins in the haemolymph and various organs of male adults of Locusta migratoria. A slight amount of injected E destruxin is shown to be hydrated into E-diol destruxin in the haemolymph. The rest of the toxin is recovered unchanged in the fat-body, pericardial tissues and Malpighian tubules, and some further E-diol destruxin formation occurs in these organs.

Isolation and 2D NMR Studies of Alkaloids from Comptonella sessilifoliola1.

Six known furanoquinoline alkaloids have been isolated from the wood and trunk bark of COMPTONELLA SESSILIFOLIOLA (Guillaumin) Hartley (Rutaceae). 2D NMR experiments gave the assignment of all the signals for both (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectra. Pteleine and kokusaginine were used as models.

Plant regeneration from protoplasts of long-term callus cultures of Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa cv. Hayword (Kiwifruit).

Plant regeneration of Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa cv. Hayword was obtained from protoplasts isolated from petiole derived long-term callus cultures.

Somatic hybridization by microfusion of defined protoplast pairs in Nicotiana: morphological, genetic, and molecular characterization.

Somatic hybrid/cybrid plants were obtained by microfusion of defined protoplast pairs from malefertile, streptomycin-resistant Nicotiana tabacum and cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms), streptomycin-sensitive N. tabacum cms (N. bigelovii) after microculture of recovered fusants.

Osteochondral impaction of the femoral head associated with hip dislocation: CT study in 35 patients.

Chondral and osteochondral impactions are insults to articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the femoral head during hip dislocation. To evaluate the frequency and sites of femoral head impaction, we reviewed CT scans of 35 patients with hip dislocation (32 posterior and three anterior). Osteochondral impaction fractures were present in 20 (63%) of the 32 patients with posterior hip dislocation and in all three patients with anterior dislocation.

Scaphoid fracture: evaluation with flexion-extension tomography.

Assessment of healing of a scaphoid fracture, which may be associated with delayed fusion and nonunion, is a challenging task for the radiologist. Thirty cases of clinically suspected nonunion scaphoid waist fractures with inconclusive plain radiographs were prospectively studied by means of stationary tomography and lateral flexion-extension tomography. The angle between the two scaphoid fragments as seen in extension was measured and compared with the angle as seen in flexion.

One-step purification and properties of catalase from leaves of Zantedeschia aethiopica.

Catalase (E.C 1.11.

Bony overgrowths and abnormal calcifications about the spine.

The common phenomenon of osteophyte formation about the vertebral margins and on the vertebral bodies in certain instances connotes underlying disk degeneration. The classification and mechanism of formation of these bony excrescences are not totally clear in all instances, but there is frequent association with degenerative disk change. Distorted alignment of the spinal column as in scoliosis, and functional demands on the spine, play major roles in these abnormalities.

COATED VESICLES IN THE CYTOPLASM OF THE HOST CELLS IN OPHRYS LUTEA CAV. MYCORRHIZAS (ORCHIDACEAE).

The host cells from endomycorrhizas of Ophrys lutea Cav. contain many coated vesicles associated with dictyosomes, with a membrane system (probably partially coated reticulum) and with the host's sequestration plasmalemma. The contents of coated vesicles stain with neither the PATAg test for polysaccharides nor with ruthenium red.

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis was first described in 1972 and to date 33 cases have been reported, all but one from outside the United States. This unusual osteomyelitis is characteristically recurrent and multifocal with a predilection for the metaphyses. Cultures are persistently negative and antibiotics do not appear to affect the course of the disease, which may be as long as 15 years.

Intraspinal neurenteric cyst containing gastric mucosa: CT and MRI findings.

A case of neurenteric intraspinal cyst with vertebral anomalies is reported; the cyst contained gastric mucosa. MRI and CT provided useful information.

Trephine bone biopsy system: a refined needle for radiologists.

A new type of bone biopsy unit that uses standard engineering and machinery principles of self cleaning and clearance allows for greater ease and more accurate performance of biopsy. Its use consistently yields excellent biopsy material. Included is a semi-rigid K wire, which may be used with a drill, for ease of insertion and a stylet in a cannula, which allows for multiple biopsies without reinsertion.

The role of gallium and bone scintigraphy in disseminated coccidioidomycosis.

The osseous lesions of disseminated coccidioidomycosis may be detected by bone but not by gallium scintigraphy or vice versa. This case emphasizes the need for performing both bone and gallium scans to avoid missing potentially serious bone lesions.

Impregnation of biological material by ZnI2-OSO4, KI-OSO4 and NaI-OSO4 mixtures for electron microscopic observations: chemical interpretation of the reaction.

Alkaline iodide-osmium tetroxide mixtures were used in an electron microscopic study of plant cells and gave better results in the preservation of the cell structure in contrast to the cell structure observed when ZnI2-OSO4 mixtures are used. The electron density observed in the reactive sites of the cell by OSO4-iodide mixtures is controlled by the presence and oxidation state of iodine that acts as a regulator of the potential redox of the reaction of OSO4 with the biological material.

Tuberculous spondylitis. A report of six cases and a review of the literature.

Tuberculous spondylitis in the United States is a disease of decreasing incidence and, when the incidence is compared to that of developing nations, affects an older population. The thoracic and lumbar spine is most frequently involved, and in advanced disease several vertebrae may be destroyed with resulting significant morbidity and mortality. The usual clinical presentation consists of fever, back pain, and nonspecific systemic symptoms of varying duration.

Cytotoxicity of cyclodepsipeptides on murine lymphocytes and on L 1210 leukemia cells.

By in vitro experiments we have demonstrated an important cytotoxic effect of destruxins A, A2, B, B1 and E on L 1210 leukemia cells. This cytotoxic effect was measured by DNA synthesis. The cytotoxic effect on normal mouse spleen lymphocytes was also evaluated.

Radiographic identification of loose bodies in the traumatized hip joint.

Acrylic spacers and cubes of cortical bone of known dimensions were placed in predetermined locations in cadaver hip joints, which were then studied with plain radiography and linear, hypocycloidal, and computed tomography (CT). Joint space widening was not measurable on plain radiographs of the pelvis when 2-mm spacers were placed anywhere within the hip joint. When 4-mm spacers were used, widening measured 2 mm in the axis of measurement corresponding to the location of the spacer.

A protocol for selecting patients with injured extremities who need x-rays.

To help curb excessive radiography, we developed a protocol for selecting patients with injured extremities who need x-ray examination, and we tested the protocol prospectively in 848 patients to determine its safety and effectiveness. Strict adherence to the protocol would have reduced x-ray usage by 12 per cent for upper extremities and 19 per cent for lower extremities. The actual reductions were 5 per cent and 16 per cent, respectively, since further reductions were limited by patient's demands for x-ray examinations.