Updated reference values for BMD and lean mass measured by DXA in Thai children.

Introduction: This study established normative references for total body less head (TBLH) BMD, lumbar spine (L1-L4) BMD, and both total and appendicular lean mass (LM) in Thai children and adolescents (aged 5-18 years) using DXA. This work expands upon 2014 normative data for Thai children, which included L2-L4 BMD, total body BMD (head included), and total LM.

Materials And Methods: We reanalyzed total body and lumbar spine DXA scans (Lunar Prodigy Pro, GE Healthcare; enCORE version 7.

Reference values of bone mineral density of proximal femur for Southeast Asian children and adolescents.

Unlabelled: Bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur helps evaluate bone density in children with reduced mechanical loading of the lower extremities. This study provides the first reference values of bone mineral density of proximal femur according to age and sex for Southeast Asian children and adolescents.   OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to (1) establish normative data of BMD of the proximal femur (femoral neck and total hip), measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), for healthy Thai children aged 5 to 18 years and (2) ascertain the relationships between BMD, growth, and puberty.

Bone Mineral Density and Serum 25OHD in Children and Adolescents With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Low bone mass is one of the complications of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, a study focusing on the low bone mass in children and adolescents with JIA in Southeast Asian countries is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) of Thai patients with JIA and identify factors correlated with BMD.

Bone mineral density in primarily preadolescent children with hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia with different severities and transfusion requirements.

Background: Children with β-thalassemia major and β-thalassemia intermedia frequently have low bone mass. However, studies of bone mineral density (BMD) in children with transfusion-dependent (TD) or non-transfusion-dependent (NTD) hemoglobin (Hb) E/β-thalassemia are scarce.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of low bone mass among mostly preadolescent children with NTD and TD Hb E/β thalassemia and the related factors.

Hypothyroidism in children with Hb E/β-thalassemia compared between those who received regular transfusion and those who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The studies of hypothyroidism in children with transfusion-dependent hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia (TDT), especially in those who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are limited. We performed a longitudinal retrospective analysis of thyroid function test (TFT) results among TDT patients aged <25 years who received regular transfusion compared to those who underwent HSCT in Faculty of Medicine Siriraj hospital, Thailand during October 2003 to March 2019. Fifty patients (23 TDT, 27 HSCT) were included.

Differences in longitudinal growth patterns of children and adolescents with transfusion-dependent hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia and those achieving successful hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.

Background: Short stature is a very common endocrinopathy among children with transfusion-dependent (TD) thalassemia. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only effective curative treatment for TD thalassemia. This study aimed to identify and compare the longitudinal growth patterns of children with TD hemoglobin E (Hb E)/β-thalassemia against those of children successfully undergoing HSCT.

Early development of decreased β-cell insulin secretion in children and adolescents with hemoglobin H disease and its relationship with levels of anemia.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with iron overload has been reported among adults with transfusion-dependent thalassemia and those with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT), especially in β-thalassemia disease. However, little is known about glucose metabolism and how early its dysregulation can develop in α-thalassemia hemoglobin H (Hb H) disease, which is one of the most common types of NTDT worldwide.

Procedure: We prospectively calculated glucose metabolism index in 40 patients (aged 10-25 years) with Hb H disease.

Prevalence of low bone mass among adolescents with nontransfusion-dependent hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia and its relationship with anemia severity.

Background: Low bone mass is common among adolescents with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia despite adequate transfusion and iron chelation. However, there are few reports regarding bone mineral density (BMD) among adolescents with nontransfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT). Indeed, only BMD data in patients with nontransfusion-dependent (NTD) β-thalassemia intermedia have been reported.

A normal reference of bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in healthy thai children and adolescents aged 5-18 years: a new reference for Southeast Asian Populations.

Ethnic-specific normative data of bone mineral density (BMD) is essential for the accurate interpretation of BMD measurement. There have been previous reports of normative BMD data for Caucasian and Asian children including Japanese, Chinese, Korean and Indian. However, the normative BMD data for Southeast Asian including Thai children and adolescents are not currently available.

Children with hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia have a high risk of being vitamin D deficient even if they get abundant sun exposure: a study from Thailand.

Background: Vitamin D is a key component in calcium homeostasis, bone mineralization and immune function, and people with a vitamin D deficiency may therefore be at higher risk of osteoporosis, osteopenia, delayed growth and fractures. Vitamin D deficiency is a known clinical complication of patients with β-thalassemia major; however, as yet there are limited data on the vitamin D status of patients with Hb E/β-thalassemia. Hb E/β-thalassemia is characterized by a wide clinical heterogeneity ranging from non-transfusion dependency to transfusion dependency.

Adrenal insufficiency is prevalent in HbE/β-thalassaemia paediatric patients irrespective of their clinical severity and transfusion requirement.

Objectives: Transfusion dependency is known to cause endocrinopathies in patients with thalassaemia such as adrenal insufficiency, because transfusion-related iron overload is injurious to endocrine organs. Children with HbE/ß-thalassaemia vary greatly in red cell transfusion requirement and some are transfusion dependent (TD), whereas others are nontransfusion dependent (NTD). Because iron overload is thought to be the primary cause of adrenal insufficiency, TD children with HbE/ß-thalassaemia are considered likely candidates for the development of adrenal insufficiency, while the adrenal function of NTD children is generally considered to be normal.

Prevalence and risk factors of low bone mineral density among perinatally HIV-infected Thai adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported among 10%-54% of HIV-infected adolescents in developed countries. We studied the prevalence and predictors of low BMD among HIV-infected Thai adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of lumbar spine (L2-L4) BMD as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Thai HIV-infected adolescents aged 12-20 years was performed.

Successful strategy to improve glucose tolerance in Thai obese youth.

Background: Childhood obesity is an emerging national health problem in Thailand. Our previous study found that one third of obese children and adolescents had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 2.6 percent had already developed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Glycemic control and the psychosocial benefits gained by patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus attending the diabetes camp.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of diabetes camp on glycemic control, knowledge, and psychosocial benefits among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Glycemic control among patients with infrequent and frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was also compared.

Methods: During a 5-day camp, 60 patients were taught diabetes self-management education (DSME).

Etiology and glycemic control among Thai children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus.

Background: There is little data on etiology and metabolic control in children and adolescents with diabetes in developing countries.

Objective: Determine the etiology of diabetes in Thai youths and to evaluate their glycemic control.

Material And Method: The authors retrospectively reviewed the case records of 157 patients seen at the Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital between 2003 and 2004.