Visual Outcomes of Children With Craniosynostosis.

Craniosynostosis can impact the visual development of a child. Historically, children with craniosynostosis, particularly when associated with a syndrome, had a significant risk of vision loss. The authors aimed to study the incidence of ophthalmic pathology in a modern, multidisciplinary craniosynostosis practice.

Proactive Identification of Patients with Diabetes at Risk of Uncontrolled Outcomes during a Diabetes Management Program: Conceptualization and Development Study Using Machine Learning.

Background: The growth in the capabilities of telehealth have made it possible to identify individuals with a higher risk of uncontrolled diabetes and provide them with targeted support and resources to help them manage their condition. Thus, predictive modeling has emerged as a valuable tool for the advancement of diabetes management.

Objective: This study aimed to conceptualize and develop a novel machine learning (ML) approach to proactively identify participants enrolled in a remote diabetes monitoring program (RDMP) who were at risk of uncontrolled diabetes at 12 months in the program.

The Effect of a Digital Mental Health Program on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms: Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Severity.

Background: Evidence-based digital health programs have shown efficacy in being primary tools to improve emotional and mental health, as well as offering supplementary support to individuals undergoing psychotherapy for anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders. However, information is lacking about the dose response to digital mental health interventions.

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effect of time in program and program usage on symptom change among individuals enrolled in a real-world comprehensive digital mental health program (myStrength) who are experiencing severe anxiety or depression.

Papilloedema: a highly specific predictor of raised intracranial pressure in a complex neurosurgical paediatric cohort.

Purpose: Papilloedema is recognised as an indicator of raised intracranial pressure, although there is a paucity of literature describing the utility of fundoscopy in screening for raised ICP in children with craniofacial synostosis, particularly young children. We sought to investigate the association of optic disc morphology with ICP in children, and to define the sensitivity and specificity of papilloedema as a clinical indicator of raised ICP and determine if age, or underlying conditions impact the findings.

Method: Retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing ICP monitoring at a designated paediatric neurosurgical and craniofacial unit in the United Kingdom between October 2009 and October 2018.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Online Visual Acuity Testing of Paediatric Patients.

Background/objectives: Remote assessment of children's visual acuity became necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the extent of agreement between hospital-based clinical testing and clinician-led home-based testing.

Subjects/methods: 50 children aged 2-16 (median 8) years attending hospital eye services at two UK hospitals had routine hospital-based acuities compared with subsequent online, orthoptist-supervised home visual acuities.

Drying of tundra landscapes will limit subsidence-induced acceleration of permafrost thaw.

We used a model for permafrost hydrology informed by detailed measurements of soil ice content to better understand the potential risk of abrupt permafrost thaw triggered by melting ground ice, a key open question associated with permafrost response to a warming Arctic. Our spatially resolved simulations of a well-characterized site in polygonal tundra near Utqiaġvik, Alaska, agree well with multiple types of observations in the current climate. Projections indicate 63 cm of bulk subsidence from 2006 to 2100 in the strong-warming Representative Concentration Pathway 8.

Understanding Ohio X-Waivered Advanced Practice Registered Nurses' Rate of Naltrexone Prescription for Alcohol Use Disordered Patients.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is overrepresented within the United States. Naltrexone, a recommended treatment for AUD, is underutilized. However, the prescribing behaviors of advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) regarding naltrexone for AUD patients have not been studied.

Ophthalmological Care of Patients With Craniofacial Disorders.

Patients presenting with craniofacial conditions present a unique challenge from an ophthalmological view point. There are no set guidelines as to their management or their long-term monitoring and follow-up. Largely, this should be the remit of a dedicated craniofacial team.

Connected Health Innovation Research Program (C.H.I.R.P.): A bridge for digital health and wellness in cardiology and oncology.

Study Objective: Cancer and heart disease are leading causes of mortality, and cardio-oncology is emerging as a new field addressing the cardiovascular toxicities related to cancer and cancer therapy. Interdisciplinary research platforms that incorporate digital health to optimize cardiovascular health and wellness in cancer survivors are therefore needed as we advance in the digital era. Our goal was to develop the Connected Health Innovation Research Program (C.

Next Generation Risk Markers in Preventive Cardio-oncology.

Purpose Of Review: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the first and second most common causes of death within the USA. It is well established that a diagnosis of cancer increases risk and predisposes the patient to CVD, and vice versa. Despite these associations, cancer is not yet incorporated into current CVD risk calculators, necessitating additional CV risk markers for improved stratification in this at-risk population.

Improving Outcomes Through Personalized Recommendations in a Remote Diabetes Monitoring Program: Observational Study.

Background: Diabetes management is complex, and program personalization has been identified to enhance engagement and clinical outcomes in diabetes management programs. However, 50% of individuals living with diabetes are unable to achieve glycemic control, presenting a gap in the delivery of self-management education and behavior change. Machine learning and recommender systems, which have been used within the health care setting, could be a feasible application for diabetes management programs to provide a personalized user experience and improve user engagement and outcomes.

Outcomes following tacrolimus systemic immunosuppression for penetrating keratoplasty in infants and young children.

Objective: To report outcomes of tacrolimus immunosuppression after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in very young children.

Methods: Retrospective, consecutive, cohort study of children undergoing PK at a tertiary children's hospital between 2005 and 2016. Oral tacrolimus immunosuppression was given for 2 years, followed by topical tacrolimus.

Incorporating concentration-dependent sediment microbial activity into methylmercury production kinetics modeling.

In anoxic environments, anaerobic microorganisms carrying the gene cluster can mediate the transformation of inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) to monomethylmercury (MMHg). The kinetics of Hg(II) transformation to MMHg in periphyton from East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) in Oak Ridge, TN have previously been modeled using a transient availability model (TAM). The TAM for Hg(II) methylation combines methylation/demethylation kinetics with kinetic expressions for processes that decrease Hg(II) and MMHg availability for methylation and demethylation (multisite sorption of Hg(II) and MMHg, Hg(II) reduction/Hg(0) oxidation).

Optic Nerve Germinoma and Transient Spontaneous Regression-More Than Meets the Eye.

Infiltration of the optic pathway by germ cell tumors is exceptional and can lead to confusion with glioma or inflammatory conditions. We present the case of a 14-year-old girl with an optic nerve germinoma extending to the hypothalamus and manifesting as panhypopituitarism and visual loss. The patient experienced spontaneous regression of the lesion followed by secondary deterioration requiring treatment.

Parental Home Vision Testing of Children During Covid-19 Pandemic.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic necessitated social distancing restrictions, which placed limitations on access to ophthalmic care to only those who had an imminent risk of sight loss. All other face-to-face consultations were converted to telephone consultations or were postponed. We investigated whether parents were able to test their child's vision using available home vision testing applications, with an aim to aid decision making during a telephone consultation.

Service evaluation: orthoptic-led teaching of soft contact lens handling for parents in the management of pediatric aphakia.

To gauge parental satisfaction of an orthoptic-led specialist service for teaching soft contact lens (CL) handling in the management of children with pediatric aphakia. 20 families attending the contact lens clinic completed a satisfaction questionnaire to enquire about their experience of learning how to insert and remove their child's CL. Families were questioned on their experiences with preoperative counseling, practical teaching, additional support and the patient literature that was provided by the orthoptists in the CL clinic.

Proceed With Caution: Integrating Newly Graduated Nurses Into an Emergency Department.

Virtually, no published research is available on the relationship between employing newly graduated nurses (NGNs) in the emergency department (ED) and the advancing of nursing practice and the optimization of patient care outcomes. Traditionally, nurses hired into these practice areas have required advanced skills in clinical assessment and experience with a variety of situations that were assumed to offer them a framework by which they could recognize and respond to potentially life-threatening changes in a patient's status. This qualitative study explored the issues of integrating NGNs into the ED.

Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries.

Background: The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries.

Interannual monsoon wind variability as a key driver of East African small pelagic fisheries.

Small pelagic fisheries provide food security, livelihood support and economic stability for East African coastal communities-a region of least developed countries. Using remotely- sensed and field observations together with modelling, we address the biophysical drivers of this important resource. We show that annual variations of fisheries yield parallel those of chlorophyll-a (an index of phytoplankton biomass).

Figure Correction: The Effect of a Cellular-Enabled Glucose Meter on Glucose Control for Patients With Diabetes: Prospective Pre-Post Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/14799.].

Disability and visual outcomes following suspected abusive head trauma in children under 2 years.

Aim: To report disability and visual outcomes following suspected abusive head trauma (AHT) in children under 2 years.

Methods: We present a retrospective case series (1995-2017) of children with suspected AHT aged ≤24 months. King's Outcome Score of Childhood Head Injury (KOSCHI) was used to assess disability outcomes at hospital discharge and at follow-up.