Aspen recovery in northern Yellowstone: A comment on Brice et al. (2021).

Aspen sapling recruitment increased as browsing by elk decreased, following the 1995-96 reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park. We address claims by Brice et al. (2021) that previous studies exaggerated recent aspen recovery.

Bison alter the northern Yellowstone ecosystem by breaking aspen saplings.

The American bison () is a species that strongly interacts with its environment, yet the effects of this large herbivore on quaking aspen () have received little study. We documented bison breaking the stems of aspen saplings (young aspen >2 m tall and ≤5 cm in diameter at breast height) and examined the extent of this effect in northern Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Low densities of Rocky Mountain elk () after about 2004 created conditions conducive for new aspen recruitment in YNP's northern ungulate winter range (northern range).

Risk Management-Obstetrics and Gynecology Perspective.

The Obstetrics and Gynecology physician's likelihood to experience medical malpractice claims are higher than in other medical specialties. We will review the basic principles of health care risk management, the role of the risk manager, and the importance of health care risk management in risk mitigation for obstetrics and gynecology physicians. Attention is focused on medical record documentation, disclosure of adverse events, second victim programs, grievance management techniques, alternative dispute resolution concepts, regulatory inquiries including state licensure investigations, product failures, and electronic media strategies.

Gender Bias in Risk Management Reports Involving Physicians in Training - A Retrospective Qualitative Study.

Objective: Gender bias, which contributes to burnout and attrition of female medical trainees, may manifest as disparate workplace evaluations. Here, we explore gender-based differences in perceived competence and professionalism as described in an institutional electronic risk management reporting system.

Design: In this retrospective qualitative study, recurring themes were identified from anonymous entries reported to an electronic institutional risk management database from July 2014 to July 2015, and from July 2019 to July 2020 using inductive methods.

The Art of Discharge Planning: Teaching Nursing Students to Address Disparities Through Simulation.

: Discharge planning is crucial to ensuring that patients' care and recovery needs are addressed. A new nurse graduate must be prepared to enter a clinical practice environment in which hospitals face penalties for patient readmissions. : Student nurses were assigned simulated patients with a variety of health disparities and health-care diagnoses to address.

Seeing Past the Sentence: Caring for Pregnant Women Who Are Incarcerated.

The number of women who are incarcerated in the United States has grown significantly since 1980. Caring for pregnant women who are in the correctional system requires special knowledge and the skills of advocacy and compassion. The purpose of this article is to discuss strategies to provide compassionate, sensitive, and trauma-informed care that demonstrates the love of Christ to incarcerated pregnant women.

Improving Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in NICU Patients.

Background: Premature infants experience stressors such as external stimulation with sounds, light, touch, and open positioning in NICU that negatively affect outcomes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of a developmental positioning intervention on length of stay, weight gain, and tone/flexion compared with neonates without structured positioning.

Methods: Study design was quasi-experimental with nonequivalent groups.

The 2018 ISHLT/APM/AST/ICCAC/STSW Recommendations for the Psychosocial Evaluation of Adult Cardiothoracic Transplant Candidates and Candidates for Long-term Mechanical Circulatory Support.

The psychosocial evaluation is well-recognized as an important component of the multifaceted assessment process to determine candidacy for heart transplantation, lung transplantation, and long-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS). However, there is no consensus-based set of recommendations for either the full range of psychosocial domains to be assessed during the evaluation, or the set of processes and procedures to be used to conduct the evaluation, report its findings, and monitor patients' receipt of and response to interventions for any problems identified. This document provides recommendations on both evaluation content and process.

The 2018 ISHLT/APM/AST/ICCAC/STSW recommendations for the psychosocial evaluation of adult cardiothoracic transplant candidates and candidates for long-term mechanical circulatory support.

The psychosocial evaluation is well-recognized as an important component of the multifaceted assessment process to determine candidacy for heart transplantation, lung transplantation, and long-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS). However, there is no consensus-based set of recommendations for either the full range of psychosocial domains to be assessed during the evaluation, or the set of processes and procedures to be used to conduct the evaluation, report its findings, and monitor patients' receipt of and response to interventions for any problems identified. This document provides recommendations on both evaluation content and process.

Attentional modulation of the carry over of eye-movements between tasks.

Task demands that influence scanning behaviour in one task can cause that behaviour to persist to a second unrelated task (carry over). This can also affect performance on a second task (e.g.

Collapse of the world's largest herbivores.

Large wild herbivores are crucial to ecosystems and human societies. We highlight the 74 largest terrestrial herbivore species on Earth (body mass ≥100 kg), the threats they face, their important and often overlooked ecosystem effects, and the conservation efforts needed to save them and their predators from extinction. Large herbivores are generally facing dramatic population declines and range contractions, such that ~60% are threatened with extinction.

Recovering aspen follow changing elk dynamics in Yellowstone: evidence of a trophic cascade?

To investigate the extent and causes of recent quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) recruitment in northern Yellowstone National Park, we measured browsing intensity and height of young aspen in 87 randomly selected aspen stands in 2012, and compared our results to similar data collected in 1997-1998. We also examined the relationship between aspen recovery and the distribution of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) and bison (Bison bison) on the Yellowstone northern ungulate winter range, using ungulate fecal pile densities and annual elk count data. In 1998, 90% of young aspen were browsed and none were taller-than 200 cm, the height at which aspen begin to escape from elk browsing.

Do Written Disclosures of Serious Events Increase Risk of Malpractice Claims? One Health Care System's Experience.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether Pennsylvania ACT 13 of 2002 (Mcare) requiring the written and verbal disclosure of "serious events" was accompanied by increased malpractice claims or compensation costs in a large U.S. health system.

Restoration of riparian areas following the removal of cattle in the northwestern great basin.

We assessed the effects of the elimination of livestock in riparian systems at Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge in southeastern Oregon, 23 years after the removal of cattle grazing, using 64 photos taken before grazing was removed compared with later retake photos. Two methods were used for this assessment: (1) a qualitative visual method comparing seven cover types and processes and (2) a new quantitative method of inserting digital line transects into photos. Results indicated that channel widths and eroding banks decreased in 64 and 73% of sites, respectively.

The impact of illness perceptions and disease severity on quality of life in congenital heart disease.

Background: Despite an increasing prevalence of adults living with a CHD, little is known about the psychosocial impact of CHD. We sought to investigate the relative impact of disease severity and patients' perceptions about their condition on depression, anxiety, and quality of life over a period of a year.

Methods: A total of 110 patients aged over 16 years completed an initial questionnaire containing measures for anxiety, depression, quality of life, and illness perceptions when they attended the Adult Congenital Heart Disease Clinic.

Implementing a Resource-Based Relative Value Scale Fee Schedule for Physician Services: An Assessment of Policy Options for the California Workers' Compensation Program.

A RAND study used 2011 medical data to examine the impact of implementing a resource-based relative value scale to pay for physician services under the California workers' compensation system. Current allowances under the Official Medical Fee Schedule are approximately 116 percent of Medicare-allowed amounts and, by law, will transition to 120 percent of Medicare over four years. Using Medicare policies to establish the fee-schedule amounts, aggregate allowances are estimated to decrease for four types of service by the end of the transition in 2017: anesthesia (-16.

Impact of organ transplantation in heart, lung and liver recipients: assessment of positive life changes.

Objective: The majority of psychological studies with organ transplant recipients have examined negative psychological effects. This study aimed to further investigate the positive effects of organ transplantation and to construct a specific measurement instrument.

Design: The initial pool of 14 items for the Positive Effects of Transplant Scale (PETS) was derived from organ recipient interviews.

Exploring parenthood in the New Zealand Heart Transplant Program.

Heart transplantation is an established treatment for end-stage cardiac disease. This study describes parenthood after heart transplantation in the New Zealand population. An analysis was performed of all heart recipients from the New Zealand program.

Prevalence of BRCA mutations in an unselected population of triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: This study assessed BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation prevalence in an unselected cohort of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (BC).

Methods: One hundred ninety-nine patients were enrolled. Triple negativity was defined as <1% estrogen and progesterone staining by immunohistochemistry and HER-2/neu not overexpressed by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Immunosuppressant nonadherence in heart, liver, and lung transplant patients: associations with medication beliefs and illness perceptions.

Background: Nonadherence to immunosuppressant medication is a significant problem among solid organ transplant recipients. Previous research suggests that patients' perceptions about their medications may be a better predictor of nonadherence than demographic factors. This study aimed to further investigate the role of patients' perceptions about their transplant and medication beliefs in nonadherence.

The nurse's role in the causation of compensable injury.

Mistakes can be life-threatening and result in malpractice claims. There are few studies that discuss malpractice claims and nursing. The purpose was to identify possible relationships between the actions, behaviors, or characteristics of RNs and the injury suffered by a patient involved in a compensable event.

Actions, behaviors, and characteristics of RNs involved in compensable injury.

Malpractice claims analysis offers valuable insight into nursing practice. A review of 16 malpractice claims involving 19 RNs identified their characteristics, actions, and behaviors that contributed to monetary compensation. Most events involved failure to perform a timely assessment and intervention.

Pathogenicity of swine influenza viruses possessing an avian or swine-origin PB2 polymerase gene evaluated in mouse and pig models.

PB2 627K is a determinant of influenza host range and contributes to the pathogenicity of human-, avian-, and mouse-adapted influenza viruses in the mouse model. Here we used mouse and pig models to analyze the contribution of a swine-origin and avian-origin PB2 carrying either 627K or 627E in the background of the classical swine H1N1 (A/Swine/Iowa/15/30; 1930) virus. The results showed PB2 627K is crucial for virulence in the mouse model, independent of whether PB2 is derived from an avian or swine influenza virus (SIV).

Transplant "twins": the experience of sharing transplanted thoracic organs from the same donor.

Background: Many thoracic transplant recipients who receive organs from the same donor share facilities for 3 months, and are aware that they have received organs from the same donor.

Methods: A confidential questionnaire including open and closed questions assessed relationships between "twins" and the experience of having a twin. The Significant Others Scale assessed social support.