Functional organization of vestibulospinal inputs responsible for tail postural control in larval .

In all vertebrates, maintaining trunk posture primarily depends on descending commands originating from brainstem vestibulospinal nuclei. Despite being broadly outlined across species, the detailed anatomical and operational structure of these vestibulospinal networks remains poorly understood. frogs have previously served as an excellent model for exploring such anatomical and functional aspects in relation to the animal's behavioral requirements.

Does early exercise intolerance effect time to return to play, symptom burden, neurocognition, Vestibular-Ocular-Motor (VOM) function and academic ability in acutely concussed student-athletes?

Introduction: Early Exercise Intolerance (EEI) is associated with delayed recovery and longer time to Return To Play (RTP), but this has not been established.Participants; ( = 52, male  = 30) UK university-aged rugby-union student-athletes.

Methods: Student-athletes completed baseline screening (July-October 2021 and 2022).

Using a simple model to systematically examine the influence of force-velocity profile and power on vertical jump performance with different constraints.

Power, and recently force-velocity (F-V) profiling, are well-researched and oft cited critical components for sports performance but both are still debated; some would say misused. A neat, applied formulation of power and linear F-V in the literature is practically useful but there is a dearth of fundamental explanations of how power and F-V interact with human and environmental constraints. To systematically explore the interactions of a linear F-V profile, peak power, gravity, mass, range of motion (ROM), and initial activation conditions, a forward dynamics point mass model of vertical jumping was parameterised from an athlete.

Intraspinal cervicothoracic junction chondrosarcoma: illustrative case.

Background: Chondrosarcoma is an uncommon spinal tumor that can present as an extraskeletal mass. Rarely, these tumors present as dumbbell tumors through the neural foramina, mimicking schwannomas or neurofibromas.

Observations: A 46-year-old female presented with 2 years of worsening right-arm radiculopathy.

Musculoskeletal injury or Sports-Related Concussion (SRC) in a season of rugby union does not affect performance on concussion battery testing in university-aged student-athletes.

Background: Sub-concussive and concussive impacts sustained during contact sports such as rugby may affect neurocognitive performance, vestibular-ocular-motor function, symptom burden and academic ability.

Method: Student-athletes (n = 146) participating in rugby union British Universities or domestic competitions were assessed on the Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Test, Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, vestibular-oculo-motor screening tool and revised perceived academic impact tool. Individual change from pre-season (July-September 2021) to 2-weeks following last exposure to contact (April-July 2022) was analysed.

The Effectiveness of Home-Based Exergames Training on Cognition and Balance in Older Adults: A Comparative Quasi-Randomized Study of Two Exergame Interventions.

Background And Objectives: The effectiveness of exergames on fall risk and related physical and cognitive function in older adults is still unclear, with conflicting findings. The discrepancy in these results could be due to the different components and task-specific demands of individual exergame interventions. This open-label quasi-randomized study aimed to compare the efficacy of 2 different home-based dual-task exergame treatments on cognition, mobility, and balance in older people.

Fifty years of performance-related sports biomechanics research.

Over the past fifty years there has been considerable development in motion analysis systems and in computer simulation modelling of sports movements while the relevance and importance of functional variability of sports technique has become increasingly recognised. Technical developments for experimental work have led to increased, and still increasing, subject numbers. Increased subjects per study give better statistical power, the ability to utilise different data analyses, and thus the determination of more subtle and nuanced factors.

A modern history of neurosurgery and neurology in India: lessons for the world.

The compendia of medical knowledge of the great ancient Indian physicians Suśruta, Caraka, Jīvaka, and Vāgbhaṭa all attest to the practice of neurosurgery and neurology starting in the 1st millennium bce. Although a period of scientific stagnation ensued between the 12th and 20th centuries ce, Indian medical neurosciences once again flourished after India's independence from British rule in 1947. The pioneers of modern Indian neurosurgery, neurology, and their ancillary fields made numerous scientific and clinical discoveries, advancements, and innovations that proved influential on a global scale.

The hamstrings to quadriceps functional ratio expressed over the full angle-angular velocity range using a limited number of data points.

The hamstring to quadriceps (H : Q) strength ratio is widely used to identify individuals at risk of sustaining hamstring strain injuries. However, its efficacy is not supported by the current evidence. Current methods for the calculation of the H : Q ratio provide only a one- or two-dimensional ratio, often ignoring fundamental muscle mechanical properties.

The association between sport-related concussion and musculoskeletal injury in university rugby athletes.

Objectives: The study aimed to analyse the association between Sports-Related Concussion (SRC) and Subsequent Musculoskeletal Injury (MSK) in United Kingdom university-aged rugby union players whilst considering the effects of sex, athlete playing position and injury location.

Design: Retrospective cohort study. A period of 365 days with 0-90, 91-180 and 181-365 days sub-periods was analysed for the following variables; MSK injury incidence, occurrence, severity, injury location, playing position and sex.

Recovery of symptoms, neurocognitive and vestibular-ocular-motor function and academic ability after sports-related concussion (SRC) in university-aged student-athletes: a systematic review.

Background: Physiological differences between a maturing and matured brain alters how Sports-Related Concussion (SRC) affects different age groups; therefore, a review specific to university-aged student-athletes is needed.

Objectives: Determine time to recovery for symptom burden, neurocognitive and Vestibular-Ocular-Motor (VOM) function and academic impact in university-aged student-athletes.

Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed, SpringerLink, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science and EMBASE.

Prospective study with specific Re-Assessment time points to determine time to recovery following a Sports-Related Concussion in university-aged student-athletes.

Background: Time to recovery for symptom burden and neurocognition following a Sports-Related Concussion (SRC) has previously been determined by consolidating varying re-assessment time points into a singular point, and has not been established for Vestibular-Ocular-Motor (VOM) function or academic ability.

Objectives: Establish when recovery of symptom burden, neurocognition, VOM function, and academic ability occurs in university-aged student-athletes.

Methods: Student-athletes completed an assessment battery (Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT), Vestibular Ocular-Motor Screening (VOMS), Perceived Academic Impairment Tool (PAIT)) during pre-season (n = 140), within 48 hours, 4, 8 and 14 days post-SRC and prior to Return To Play (RTP) and were managed according to the Rugby Football Union' community pathway (n = 42).

Sources of Error When Measuring Achilles Tendon Mechanics During the Stance Phase of Running.

In recent years, the use of methods to investigate muscle-tendon unit function that combine motion capture with ultrasound (MoCapUS) has increased. Although several limitations and individual errors of these methods have been reported, the total error from all the potential sources together has not been estimated. The aim of this study was to establish the total error in the Achilles tendon (AT) measurements, specifically its length (ATL), strain (ATS), and moment arm (ATMA) acquired with MoCapUS during running.

The effect of body position and mass centre velocity at toe off on the start performance of elite swimmers and how this differs between gender.

The start in swimming is a crucial phase of a race, where improvements in performance can be made. Twenty-four elite swimmers race pace starts were recorded from five above and below water 50 Hz video cameras. Body position at toe off was calculated from the recordings and consisted of the two-dimensional mass centre position at toe off, and the arm, trunk, front leg and rear leg angles.

Does Vestibular-Ocular-Motor (VOM) Impairment Affect Time to Return to Play, Symptom Severity, Neurocognition and Academic Ability in Student-Athletes following acute Concussion?

Research indicates Sports-Related Concussion (SRC) impairs Vestibular-Ocular-Motor (VOM) function. The aim was to explore if VOM impairment correlates with longer Return To Play (RTP), symptom burden, neurocognitive performance and academic capability. 40 (61.

SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex alterations in meningioma.

Purpose: While SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex alterations occur in approximately 20% of cancer, the frequency and potential impact on clinical outcomes in meningiomas remains to be comprehensively elucidated.

Methods: A large series of 255 meningiomas from a single institution that was enriched for high grade and recurrent lesions was identified. We performed next-generation targeted sequencing of known meningioma driver genes, including NF2, AKT1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, and SMO and SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex genes, including ARID1A, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1 in all samples.

Measurement of instantaneous Achilles tendon moment arm and force during the stance phase of running.

Accurate estimates of the Achilles tendon (AT) moment arm (AT) are necessary for investigating triceps surae muscle-tendon unit loading and function. There are limited reported values of AT during running. By combining ultrasound and motion capture, AT was estimated during the stance phase of running.

sp. nov., isolated from human skin and blood.

When analysing a large cohort of , using whole-genome sequencing, five human isolates (four from the skin and one from a blood culture) with aberrant phenotypic and genotypic traits were identified. They were phenotypically similar with yellow colonies, nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and initially speciated as based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and MALDI-TOF MS. However, compared to , these five strains demonstrate: (i) considerable phylogenetic distance with an average nucleotide identity <95 % and inferred DNA-DNA hybridization <70  %; (ii) a pigmented phenotype; (iii) urease production; and (iv) different fatty acid composition.

Ribosome-Mediated Attenuation of (A) Expression Is Shaped by the Antibiotic Resistance Specificity of Vga(A) Protein Variants.

Vga(A) protein variants confer different levels of resistance to lincosamides, streptogramin A, and pleuromutilins (LSP) by displacing antibiotics from the ribosome. Here, we show that expression of (A) variants from is regulated by -regulatory RNA in response to the LSP antibiotics by the mechanism of ribosome-mediated attenuation. The specificity of induction depends on Vga(A)-mediated resistance rather than on the sequence of the riboregulator.

Peritumoral edema correlates with mutational burden in meningiomas.

Purpose: Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumor. Emerging data supports that higher mutational burden portends worse clinical outcomes in meningiomas. However, there is a lack of imaging biomarkers that are associated with tumor genomics in meningiomas.

NF2 mutation status and tumor mutational burden correlate with immune cell infiltration in meningiomas.

Background: The tumor microenvironment is an emerging biomarker of underlying genomic heterogeneity and response to immunotherapy-based treatment regimens in solid malignancies. How tumor mutational burden influences the density, distribution, and presence of a localized immune response in meningiomas is unknown.

Methods: Representative hematoxylin and eosin slides were reviewed at 40X to assess for the density of inflammatory cells.

Identification of surface proteins in a clinical Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolate by bacterial surface shaving.

Background: The skin commensal Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an emerging nosocomial pathogen. Despite its clinical relevance, published information about S. haemolyticus virulence factors is scarce.