A retrospective analysis on optimal medical therapy for patients with symptomatic lower extremity peripheral artery disease: a French observational study.

Objective: Patients with symptomatic lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) should have an optimal management in terms of lipid goal [i.e. controlled LDL-cholesterol (LDLc)] and medical treatment (triple therapy with an antiplatelet agent, a statin and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or a angiotensin-receptor antagonist).

An unfavorable dietary pattern is associated with symptomatic peripheral artery disease.

Background And Aims: Diet has an essential role in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention by modulating various cardiovascular risk factors. The need to have easily useable tools seems essential to facilitate the daily practice of clinicians in order to propose the most optimal management of their patients' diet. The aim of this study was to compare the diet assessed with a simple food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) between patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) and healthy subjects.

Management of lipid variables in primary cardiovascular prevention: A position paper from the Heart, Vessels and Metabolism Group of the French Society of Cardiology.

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol has been established as a powerful cardiovascular risk factor; its reduction provides a clinical benefit in primary cardiovascular prevention, irrespective of the characteristics of the patients treated. It is useful to tailor low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets according to the magnitude of cardiovascular risk (low, high or very high) in order to reduce the cardiovascular risk as fully as possible. In order to provide a uniform approach, it is necessary to propose recommendations for good practice, defining strategies for reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Treatment of pediatric heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia 7 years after the EAS recommendations: Real-world results from a large French cohort.

Background: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) predisposes to premature cardiovascular diseases. Since 2015, the European Atherosclerosis Society has advocated initiation of statins at 8-10 years of age and a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target of <135 mg/dL. Longitudinal data from large databases on pharmacological management of pediatric HeFH are lacking.

Impact of dietary intervention on eating behavior after ischemic stroke.

Objective: Ischemic stroke is a major health issue. Currently, the relationship between dietary patterns and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases including stroke is established, but the effect of systematic dietary intervention on dietary changes in ischemic stroke patients is unknown. Our objective was to compare changes in the dietary pattern of ischemic stroke patients who received a systematic diet intervention with changes in the dietary pattern of ischemic stroke patients who did not receive a systematic dietary intervention during their hospitalization.

Additive Effect of Rare Variants on the Phenotype of Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

Background: Autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH) is due to deleterious variants in , , or genes. Double heterozygote for these genes induces a more severe phenotype. More recently, a new causative variant of heterozygous ADH was identified in .

Factors Predicting Statin Initiation During Childhood in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Importance of Genetic Diagnosis.

Objective: To identify childhood and parental factors associated with initiation of statin therapy in children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH), including underlying genetic diagnosis or parental premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Study Design: This multicenter cohort study included 245 HeFH child-parent pairs from the REFERCHOL national register (2014-2020). Demographic and clinical characteristics at the last visit were collected.

Molecular Spectrum in a French Cohort with Primary Dyslipidemia.

Primary hypercholesterolemia is characterized by elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels isolated in autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH) or associated with elevated triglyceride levels in familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). Rare variants are known in ADH and FCHL. We explored the molecular spectrum in a French ADH/FCHL cohort of 5743 unrelated probands.

Effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on total and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in primary prevention: A nationwide study based on French Health Insurance Data (SNDS).

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) both inhibit the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) but have different sites of action. Whether clinically meaningful differences exist is still debated. The authors set up a population-based nationwide retrospective cohort study with at least 5 years of follow-up based on the comprehensive French Health Insurance Database linked to the French hospital discharge database.

Validation and reproducibility of a short food frequency questionnaire for cardiovascular prevention.

Background: Diet strongly influences cardiovascular risk. Dietary evaluation is a major issue in cardiovascular prevention, but few simple tools are available. Our team previously validated a short food frequency questionnaire; a new version of this questionnaire (Cardiovascular Dietary Questionnaire 2 [CDQ-2]) is easier to complete and more reliable.

Geographical variations in the prevalence of hypertension in France: Cross-sectional analysis of the CONSTANCES cohort.

Aims: While international variations in the prevalence of hypertension are well described, less is known about intra-national disparities and their determinants. We wanted to describe the variations in hypertension prevalence within France and to determine how much lifestyle and socioeconomic factors contributed to explain these regional variations.

Methods: Participants (62,247 French adults aged 18 to 69 years) were recruited in the 16 centres of the CONSTANCES study between 2012 and 2015.

[The behavioral goals of the coronary patient: No longer smoke, eat better, move more and better].

The behavioral goals of the coronary patient require active management by the cardiologist. Every smoker must be clearly informed about the cardiovascular consequences of smoking and the major benefits of smoking cessation. The only advice to "quit smoking" is not enough.

Evaluation of short food-frequency questionnaires to assess the dietary pattern associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are strongly related to dietary habits. Diet can be assessed using dedicated questionnaires that can be self-completed by subjects but with the risk of errors.

Aim: To compare the completion error rate of two questionnaires designed to assess dietary pattern linked to cardiovascular diseases and to study the correlation between the two questionnaires.

Efficacy of opioids versus placebo in chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of enriched enrollment randomized withdrawal trials.

Introduction: Opioids have been used for millennia for the treatment of pain. However, the long-term efficacy of opioids to treat chronic non-cancer pain continues to be debated. To evaluate opioids' efficacy in chronic non-cancer pain, we performed a meta-analysis of published clinical trials for μ-opioid receptor agonists performed for US Food and Drug Administration approval.

A minimal resting time of 25 min is needed before measuring stabilized blood pressure in subjects addressed for vascular investigations.

Blood pressure (BP) measurement is a central element in clinical practice. According to international recommendations 3 to 5 minutes of resting is needed before blood pressure measurement. Surprisingly, no study has modelled the time course of BP decrease and the minimum resting-time before BP measurement.

Genotoxic risk of ethyl-paraben could be related to telomere shortening.

The ability of parabens to promote the appearance of multiple cancer hallmarks in breast epithelium cells provides grounds for regulatory review of the implication of the presence of parabens in human breast tissue. It is well documented that telomere dysfunction plays a significant role in the initiation of genomic instability during carcinogenesis in human breast cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the genotoxic effect of ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (ethyl-paraben), with and without metabolic activation (S9), in studies following OECD guidelines.

Safety of Fixed Dose of Antihypertensive Drug Combinations Compared to (Single Pill) Free-Combinations: A Nested Matched Case-Control Analysis.

To compare serious adverse events of fixed-dose dual antihypertensive drug combination (FIXED) to component-based free-combination (FREE).A population-based nationwide cohort from the French Health Insurance System included subjects over 50 years with first time claims (new user) in the second half of 2009 for a calcium-channel blocker or a thiazide-like diuretic in combination with either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker as FREE or FIXED. We designed a nested matched case-control analysis with 304 cases, hospitalized for hypotension, syncope, or collapse (n = 224), renal failure (n = 19), hyponatremia, hyper- or hypokalemia (n = 61) and 1394 controls matched for gender, age, date of inclusion in the cohort, and administrative county.

Instruments to Identify Prescription Medication Misuse, Abuse, and Related Events in Clinical Trials: An ACTTION Systematic Review.

Unlabelled: Measurement of inappropriate medication use events (eg, abuse or misuse) in clinical trials is important in characterizing a medication's abuse potential. However, no gold standard assessment of inappropriate use events in clinical trials has been identified. In this systematic review, we examine the measurement properties (ie, content validity, cross-sectional reliability and construct validity, longitudinal construct validity, ability to detect change, and responder definitions) of instruments assessing inappropriate use of opioid and nonopioid prescription medications to identify any that meet U.

Determining the clinical importance of treatment benefits for interventions for painful orthopedic conditions.

The overarching goals of treatments for orthopedic conditions are generally to improve or restore function and alleviate pain. Results of clinical trials are generally used to determine whether a treatment is efficacious; however, a statistically significant improvement may not actually be clinically important, i.e.

Predictors of Response in Patients With Postherpetic Neuralgia and HIV-Associated Neuropathy Treated With the 8% Capsaicin Patch (Qutenza).

Objectives: Qutenza is a high-dose capsaicin patch used to relieve neuropathic pain from postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and HIV-associated neuropathy (HIV-AN). In clinical studies, some patients had a dramatic response to the capsaicin patch. Our objective was to determine the baseline characteristics of patients who best benefit from capsaicin patch treatment.

Effect of phytosterols/stanols on LDL concentration and other surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk.

Plant sterols and stanols are well-known to reduce LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. It is generally accepted that supplementation with 2g/day of sterols/stanols leads to a 10% reduction in LDL. However, most of the clinical trials supporting this conclusion were of short-term duration, and the results of longer interventions are scanty.

Review of the performance of quantitative sensory testing methods to detect hyperalgesia in chronic pain patients on long-term opioids.

Background: Opioid-induced hyperalgesia is a clinical syndrome whereby patients on long-term opioids become more sensitive to pain while taking opioids. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia is characterized by increased pain intensity over time, spreading of pain to other locations, and increased pain sensation to external stimuli. To characterize opioid-induced hyperalgesia, laboratory methods to measure hyperalgesia have been developed.

A review of the use of the number needed to treat to evaluate the efficacy of analgesics.

Unlabelled: Standardized measures of efficacy are needed to compare analgesic efficacy across trials. The number needed to treat (NNT) is considered a statistically robust and readily interpretable measure to rank the efficacy of treatments, including analgesics. The NNT has become widely utilized to compare the efficacy of chronic pain treatments, helping physicians make treatment decisions and informing decisions for market access, reimbursement, and treatment guidelines.