Novel mangosteen peel prebiotic with cardamom oil supports probiotic growth and preservation of rice sausage.

Mangosteen peel (MP) is being studied for its prebiotic potential due to its high dietary fiber and bioactive compounds. This research evaluated MP combined with cardamom oil (CM) at 300 µl, examining its effects on probiotic growth and antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens (, Typhimurium, , and ). Additionally, CM-treated MP was tested to extend the shelf life of rice sausage.