Effect of Trimebutine and Rifaximin on Breath Hydrogen and Methane by Glucose Breath Test in Patients With Functional Bloating: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial.

Background/aims: Drugs that stabilize intestinal motility may improve the efficacy of nonabsorbable antibiotics, such as rifaximin, against small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). We compared the efficacy of rifaximin alone with that of its combination with trimebutine maleate against SIBO.

Methods: We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (https://cris.

Characteristics of Early Pancreatic Cancer: Comparison between Stage 1A and Stage 1B Pancreatic Cancer in Multicenter Clinical Data Warehouse Study.

Background: Little is known about the characteristics of early pancreatic cancer. We aimed to identify the characteristics, clues for early detection, and prognostic factors for early pancreatic cancer by analyzing a large number of patients with stage 1 pancreatic cancer.

Methods: A clinical data warehouse that includes databases of all the medical records of eight academic institutions was used to select and analyze patients with pancreatic cancer that had been diagnosed from January 2010 to May 2023.

The Awareness and Experience About Endoscopic Adverse Events Among South Korean Endoscopists.

Background/aims: The number of endoscopic procedures and related adverse events is increasing. We investigated South Korean endoscopists' awareness and experience of endoscopic adverse events.

Materials And Methods: We used Google Forms to conduct an online questionnaire survey among South Korean endoscopists from December 11 to 29, 2020.

Tracking incidentally discovered pancreatic cysts smaller than 30 mm: Natural course and predictors of malignancy.

Background And Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the natural course and predictors of malignancy in incidentally detected small pancreatic cysts (PCs).

Method: We retrospectively included patients with PCs smaller than 30 mm followed up with the same cross-sectional imaging modality at least 12 months apart between January 2010 and December 2019 in three academic institutions. Cyst growth, pancreatic cancer incidence, and associated factors associated with pancreatic cancer were analyzed.

Medical disputes related to advanced endoscopic procedures with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or endoscopic ultrasonography for the management of pancreas and biliary tract diseases.

Background/aims: This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-related adverse events (AEs) that eventually lead to medical disputes or claims on medical professional liability.

Methods: Medical disputes for ERCP/EUS-related AEs filed in the Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency between April 2012 and August 2020 were evaluated using corresponding medical records. AEs were categorized into three sections: procedure-related, sedation-related, and safety-related AEs.

Lactase Deficiency Diagnosed by Endoscopic Biopsy-based Method is Associated With Positivity to Glucose Breath Test.

Background/aims: Lactase deficiency, which has many similarities with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), causes various gastrointestinal symptoms. We estimate the prevalence of SIBO in patients with intestinal symptoms from dairy products and investigate the association between lactase deficiency (LD) and SIBO.

Methods: This prospective study included patients with functional intestinal symptoms from dairy product indigestion.

Nonoperative Versus Operative Treatment of Type IIA Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: A Prospective Evaluation of 99 Patients.

Background: Although current clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons suggest that Type II and III supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures be treated by closed reduction and pin fixation, controversy remains as to whether type IIa fractures with no rotation or angular deformity require surgery. The purpose of our study was to prospectively compare radiographic and functional outcomes of type IIa SCH fractures treated with or without surgery.

Methods: Between 2017 and 2019, 105 patients between 2 and 12 years of age presenting with type IIa SCH fractures and without prior elbow trauma, neuromuscular or metabolic conditions, were prospectively enrolled.

Current Practice Patterns of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Tissue Sampling for Pancreatic Solid Mass in Korea: Outcomes of a National Survey.

Background/aims: Although endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and fine needle biopsy (FNB) are widely used for tissue acquisition of pancreatic solid mass, the optimal strategy of this procedure has not been established yet. The aim of this nationwide study was to investigate the current practice patterns of EUS-FNA/FNB for pancreatic solid mass in Korea.

Methods: The Policy-Quality Management of the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association (KPBA) developed a questionnaire containing 22 questions.

Malignancy Rates by Bethesda Subcategory in the Pediatric Population.

Introduction: While the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) is the most widely used method for categorizing thyroid nodules, its applicability to children is often debated. We describe our institution's experience utilizing the TBSRTC and examine the rates of malignancy in our population.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of eligible patients undergoing primary thyroidectomy at a high-volume tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Relationship between untreated obstructive sleep apnea and breath hydrogen and methane after glucose load.

Background: Patients with sleep disturbances have gastrointestinal symptoms. Breath hydrogen (H) and methane (CH) indicating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) might be related with these symptoms. The study was conducted to assess the link between breath profiles and untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Efficacies of prokinetics and rifaximin on the positivity of a glucose breath test in patients with functional dyspepsia: a randomized trial.

Background And Aim: prokinetics could eradicate small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mosapride, rifaximin and a combination of mosapride and rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

Methods: we randomly assigned patients with functional dyspepsia diagnosed with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive mosapride, rifaximin or a combination of both for two weeks.

Incidence of thymic tissue in pediatric thyroidectomy.

Objectives: The nuances in the technical approach to pediatric thyroidectomy have been sparsely reported in the literature. No previous studies have reported on the rates of unintentional thymic tissue excision during pediatric thyroidectomy. In this study, we sought to describe the rates of thymic tissue excision noted on surgical specimens from pediatric thyroidectomies and investigate any correlations with preoperative factors and long-term outcomes.

Serum Pepsinogen and Gastrin Levels: Reliable Markers to Predict Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth.

Background: Serum pepsinogen, a useful indicator of gastric acidity, could reflect small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and profiles including pepsinogen or gastrin.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study with 62 patients with a functional gastrointestinal disorder.

Thyroid tumor ratio: Improving the assessment of the impact of size in pediatric thyroid cancer.

Background: The impact of thyroid nodule size is less useful in children who have smaller thyroid volumes than in adults. We investigate using a novel thyroid tumor ratio measurement in children with thyroid cancer.

Methods: Patient and pathologic characteristics were investigated via Student's t-test in a univariate analysis for any correlation with the log-transformed tumor ratio, followed by a multivariate linear regression.

Review of blast noise and the auditory system.

The auditory system is particularly vulnerable to blast injury due to the ear's role as a highly sensitive pressure transducer. Over the past several decades, studies have used a variety of animal models and experimental procedures to recreate blast-induced acoustic trauma. Given the developing nature of this field and our incomplete understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying blast-related auditory disturbances, an updated discussion about these studies is warranted.

Role of Glucose Breath Test for Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Children and Adolescents With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Korea.

Background/aims: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is expected in children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs). This study is conducted to estimate the prevalence of SIBO and to investigate the role of SIBO in children and adolescents with FAPDs.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled children with FAPDs fulfilling the Rome IV criteria.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-related adverse events in Korea: A nationwide assessment.

Background: Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a pivotal procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of pancreatobiliary diseases, it has been known that the risk of procedure-related adverse events (AEs) is significant.

Objective: We conducted this nationwide cohort study since there have been few reports on the real-world data regarding ERCP-related AEs.

Methods: Patients who underwent ERCP were identified between 2012 and 2015 using Health Insurance Review and Assessment database generated by the Korea government.

Tracheostomy Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients in a Low Resource Setting.

Objectives: COVID-19 predominately affects safety net hospitals. Tracheostomies improve outcomes and decrease length of stay for COVID-19 patients. Our objectives are to determine if (1) COVID-19 tracheostomies have similar complication and mortality rates as non-COVID-19 tracheostomies and (2) to determine the effectiveness of our tracheostomy protocol at a safety net hospital.

Rate of Incidental Parathyroidectomy in a Pediatric Population.

Objective: Incidental parathyroidectomy is a relatively common occurrence in thyroid surgery, which may lead to hypoparathyroidism and postoperative hypocalcemia, but it is not well studied in children. The objectives of this study were to determine the rate of incidental parathyroidectomy, identify potential risk factors, and investigate postoperative complications in children undergoing thyroidectomy.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Toxicity of Bioactive Molecule Andrographolide against Fab and Its Binding Potential with Detoxifying Enzyme Cytochrome P450.

Fab. is a polyphagous pest causing damage to many agriculture crops leading to yield loss. Recurrent usage of synthetic pesticides to control this pest has resulted in resistance development.

Unilateral versus bilateral Y-type stent-in-stent metal stent insertions in inoperable malignant hilar biliary strictures: A multicenter retrospective study.

Background: To date, there is controversy regarding unilateral versus bilateral stent placement in patients with malignant hilar biliary strictures (MHBSs). The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and complications of unilateral and bilateral (stent-in-stent method) stent placements for these patients.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients with inoperable MHBS who underwent endoscopic self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement from January 2009 to December 2019.