Multiple cell types support productive infection and dynamic translocation of infectious Ebola virus to the surface of human skin.

Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe human disease. During late infection, EBOV virions are on the skin's surface; however, the permissive skin cell types and the route of virus translocation to the epidermal surface are unknown. We describe a human skin explant model and demonstrate that EBOV infection of human skin via basal media increases in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner.

CD40 Signaling in Mice Elicits a Broad Antiviral Response Early during Acute Infection with RNA Viruses.

Macrophages are critical in the pathogenesis of a diverse group of viral pathogens, both as targets of infection and for eliciting primary defense mechanisms. Our prior in vitro work identified that CD40 signaling in murine peritoneal macrophages protects against several RNA viruses by eliciting IL-12, which stimulates the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Here, we examine the role of CD40 signaling in vivo.

Interaction between nectin-1 and the human natural killer cell receptor CD96.

Regulation of Natural Killer (NK) cell activity is achieved by the integration of both activating and inhibitory signals acquired at the immunological synapse with potential target cells. NK cells express paired receptors from the immunoglobulin family which share common ligands from the nectin family of adhesion molecules. The activating receptor CD226 (DNAM-1) binds to nectin-2 and CD155, which are also recognized by the inhibitory receptor TIGIT.