Phasic dopamine release in two different rat models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) versus Lphn3 knockout rats.

We examined DA activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) in two Different Rat Models of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) Versus Lphn3 Knockout Rats. We examined baseline stimulation-evoked phasic DA release, half-life, and DA autoreceptor (DAR) functioning in the mPFC and NAcc, as well as the response to nomifensine (10 mg/kg, IP), a DA transporter (DAT) blocker, on these measures in the NAcc. Both rat models were hypodopaminergic, with notable regional and mechanistic differences.

Managing urogenital tract disorders: 10 urology pearls for primary care physicians.

Primary care physicians frequently encounter patients with urogenital diseases. These 10 evidence-based pearls will help physicians to refine the care they provide, avoid some common missteps, and more quickly determine when a referral is appropriate.

Primary Care Team Perspectives on the Suitability of Telehealth Modality (Phone vs Video) at the Veterans Health Administration.

Introduction: Telehealth has the potential to improve access and timeliness of care, enabling primary care teams to deliver hybrid (virtual/in-person) services that will likely extend beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. To optimize its use and sustainability, it is imperative to understand how primary care teams perceive the suitability of telehealth services, including appropriate choice of mode (telephone or video). However, there is limited research on providers' decision-making processes surrounding telehealth use in primary care, including whether to use telephone or video, which this VA-focused study addresses.

Veterans Health Administration (VA) vs. Non-VA Healthcare Quality: A Systematic Review.

Background: The Veterans Health Administration (VA) serves Veterans in the nation's largest integrated healthcare system. VA seeks to provide high quality of healthcare to Veterans, but due to the VA Choice and MISSION Acts, VA increasingly pays for care outside of its system in the community. This systematic review compares care provided in VA and non-VA settings, and includes published studies from 2015 to 2023, updating 2 prior systematic reviews on this topic.

Cerebellar Modulation of Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission Is Functionally Asymmetrical.

Cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres are known to be asymmetrical in structure and function, and previous literature supports that asymmetry extends to the neural dopamine systems. Using in vivo fixed potential amperometry with carbon fiber microelectrodes in anesthetized mice, the current study assessed hemispheric lateralization of stimulation-evoked dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the influence of the cerebellum in regulating this reward-associated pathway. Our results suggest that cerebellar output can modulate mesolimbic dopamine transmission, and this modulation contributes to asymmetrically lateralized dopamine release.

The Top 10 Pulmonary Pearls for Primary Care Physicians.

Pulmonary diseases are commonly encountered by primary care physicians in the outpatient setting. Despite their prevalence, many physicians may be unfamiliar with the diagnosis and appropriate management of these disorders. The evidence-based pearls in this article will help primary care physicians navigate important topics in pulmonary medicine and guide their decision to refer their patients to a pulmonary specialist.

Association of Spinal Manipulative Therapy With Clinical Benefit and Harm for Acute Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Acute low back pain is common and spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is a treatment option. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have reported different conclusions about the effectiveness of SMT.

Objective: To systematically review studies of the effectiveness and harms of SMT for acute (≤6 weeks) low back pain.

Electronic health record-based interventions for improving appropriate diagnostic imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: One driver of increasing health care costs is the use of radiologic imaging procedures. More appropriate use could improve quality and reduce costs.

Purpose: To review interventions that use the computerized clinical decision-support (CCDS) capabilities of electronic health records to improve appropriate use of diagnostic radiologic test ordering.

Electronic patient portals: evidence on health outcomes, satisfaction, efficiency, and attitudes: a systematic review.

Background: Patient portals tied to provider electronic health record (EHR) systems are increasingly popular.

Purpose: To systematically review the literature reporting the effect of patient portals on clinical care.

Data Sources: PubMed and Web of Science searches from 1 January 1990 to 24 January 2013.

Diagnosing and managing common food allergies: a systematic review.

Context: There is heightened interest in food allergies but no clear consensus exists regarding the prevalence or most effective diagnostic and management approaches to food allergies.

Objective: To perform a systematic review of the available evidence on the prevalence, diagnosis, management, and prevention of food allergies.

Data Sources: Electronic searches of PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

The top 10 infectious disease pitfalls that hospitalists can avoid.

Infectious diseases are commonly encountered by hospitalists in their day-to-day care of patients. Challenges involved in caring for patients with infectious diseases include choosing the correct antibiotic, treating patients with a penicillin allergy, interpreting blood cultures, and caring for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The evidence-based pearls in this article will help hospitalists avoid common pitfalls in the recognition and treatment of such disorders and guide their decision about when to consult an infectious diseases specialist.

The top 10 things nephrologists wish every primary care physician knew.

Renal disease is commonly encountered by primary care physicians during their day-to-day visits with patients. Common renal disorders include hypertension, proteinuria, kidney stones, and chronic kidney disease. Despite their prevalence, many physicians may be unfamiliar with the diagnosis and initial treatment of these common renal disorders.

Screening for osteoporosis in men: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians guideline.

Background: Screening for low bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the primary way to identify asymptomatic men who might benefit from osteoporosis treatment. Identifying men at risk for low BMD and fracture can help clinicians determine which men should be tested.

Purpose: To identify which asymptomatic men should receive DXA BMD testing, this systematic review evaluates 1) risk factors for osteoporotic fracture in men that may be mediated through low BMD and 2) the performance of non-DXA tests in identifying men with low BMD.

Evaluating and minimizing cardiac risk in surgical patients.

Cardiovascular complications are a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Proper assessment of risk and subsequent interventions can help diminish these complications. Assessing the patient's risk is based on the type of surgery performed and on individual patient characteristics.

The top 10 things foot and ankle specialists wish every primary care physician knew.

Foot and ankle problems are common complaints of patients presenting to primary care physicians. These problems range from minor disorders, such as ankle sprains, plantar fasciitis, bunions, and iIngrown toenails, to more serious conditions such as Charcot arthropathy and Achilles tendon rupture. Early recognition and treatment of foot and ankle problems are imperative to avoid associated morbidities.