The Congregational Structure of Homonegativity: Why Place of Worship May Matter More than Frequency of Worship.

Using 239 congregants from 14 randomly selected places of worship in the Southern United States-and a mega-analysis of 577 congregants from 34 similarly-located places of worship-we examined the relationship between religiousness and homonegativity. Multilevel models examining the effects of religiousness on homonegativity indicated that service attendance was more strongly related to homonegativity as a congregation-level variable than as an individual-level variable. Interaction effects between service attendance and the affirmativeness of a congregation were not significant, suggesting that the frequency of participation with a homonegative congregation is not related to homonegativity.