[Research progress on pathological changes of glenohumeral capsule in patients with recurrent shoulder anterior dislocation].

Objective: To review the research progress of pathological changes of glenohumeral capsule in patients with recurrent shoulder anterior dislocation (RSAD).

Methods: The literature on shoulder capsules, both domestic and international, was reviewed. The anatomy, histology, and molecular biology characteristics of the glenohumeral capsule in RSAD patients were summarized.

[Mid-term effectiveness of LU-tarjet procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation].

Objective: To evaluate the mid-term effectiveness of limited unique coracoid osteotomy suture button fixation Latarjet (LU-tarjet) procedure in treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation.

Methods: Between March 2017 and February 2019, 56 patients with recurrent shoulder dislocation were treated with arthroscopic LU-tarjet procedure. There were 44 males and 12 females with an average age of 26.

Genital inflammatory status and the innate immune response to contraceptive initiation.

Problem: Data on the effects of contraceptives on female genital tract (FGT) immune mediators are inconsistent, possibly in part due to pre-existing conditions that influence immune mediator changes in response to contraceptive initiation.

Methods: This study included 161 South African women randomised to injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), copper intrauterine device (IUD), or levonorgestrel (LNG) implant in the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) trial. We measured thirteen cytokines and antimicrobial peptides previously associated with HIV acquisition in vaginal swabs using Luminex and ELISA, before, and at 1 and 3 months after contraceptive initiation.

What's Sex Got to Do With It? Understanding Potential Confounding and Exposure Misclassification in Mechanistic Sexually Transmitted Infection Research.

We conducted a prospective study of 13 heterosexual couples to understand the impact of recent condomless vaginal sex on vaginal immune marker measurement and potential exposure misclassification due to the presence of semen. All immune markers were detectable in semen and concentrations of vaginal immune markers varied by sex recency.

Serum vitamin D status and bacterial vaginosis prevalence and incidence in Zimbabwean women.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis, a highly prevalent vaginal condition, is correlated with many adverse reproductive outcomes. In some studies, low vitamin D status (measured as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25[OH]D) has been associated with increased prevalence of bacterial vaginosis.

Objectives: We examined the cross-sectional association between vitamin D status and prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, separately for pregnant and nonpregnant women.

Prevalence, incidence and determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among HIV-seronegative women at high-risk of HIV infection: a prospective study in Beira, Mozambique.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence, incidence and determinants of herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) infection, and associations between HSV-2 and incident HIV infection, among women at higher risk for HIV infection in Beira, Mozambique.

Methods: Between 2009 and 2012, 411 women aged 18-35 years at higher risk of HIV acquisition (defined as having had two or more sexual partners in the month prior to study enrollment) were enrolled and followed monthly for one year. At each study visit, they were counseled, interviewed, and tested for HSV-2 and HIV antibodies.

HIV incidence in a cohort of women at higher risk in Beira, Mozambique: prospective study 2009-2012.

Background: HIV is prevalent in Sofala Province, Mozambique. To inform future prevention research, we undertook a study in the provincial capital (Beira) to measure HIV incidence in women at higher risk of HIV and assess the feasibility of recruiting and retaining them as research participants.

Methods: Women age 18-35 were recruited from schools and places where women typically meet potential sexual partners.

Determinants of prevalent HIV infection and late HIV diagnosis among young women with two or more sexual partners in Beira, Mozambique.

Background: The prevalence and determinants of HIV and late diagnosis of HIV in young women in Beira, Mozambique, were estimated in preparation for HIV prevention trials.

Methods: An HIV prevalence survey was conducted between December 2009 and October 2012 among 1,018 women aged 18-35 with two or more sexual partners in the last month. Participants were recruited in places thought by recruitment officers to be frequented by women at higher-risk, such as kiosks, markets, night schools, and bars.

Correlation of prospective and cross-sectional measures of HIV type 1 incidence in a higher-risk cohort in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

The primary aim of this study was to estimate HIV incidence within a high-risk population in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam using both cross-sectional and prospective methodologies. A secondary aim was to develop a local correction factor for the BED and avidity index incidence assays. The research study design consisted of three phases: (1) cross-sectional, (2) prospective, and (3) BED false recent (BED FR).

GINS inactivation phenotypes reveal two pathways for chromatin association of replicative alpha and epsilon DNA polymerases in fission yeast.

The tetrameric GINS complex, consisting of Sld5-Psf1-Psf2-Psf3, plays an essential role in the initiation and elongation steps of eukaryotic DNA replication, although its biochemical function is unclear. Here we investigate the function of GINS in fission yeast, using fusion of Psf1 and Psf2 subunits to a steroid hormone-binding domain (HBD) to make GINS function conditional on the presence of beta-estradiol. We show that inactivation of Psf1-HBD causes a tight but rapidly reversible DNA replication arrest phenotype.

Acceptability of five nonoxynol-9 spermicides.

Objective: To examine the acceptability of five nonoxynol-9 (N-9) spermicides.

Methods: We analyzed data from a randomized trial of five products, including three gels containing different amounts of N-9 per dose, a film and a suppository. In the trial, 1536 participants were asked to use the assigned spermicide for 7 months and to complete questionnaires 4 weeks after admission and at discontinuation.

Participant characteristics associated with withdrawal from a large randomized trial of spermicide effectiveness.

Background: In most recent large efficacy trials of barrier contraceptive methods, a high proportion of participants withdrew before the intended end of follow-up. The objective of this analysis was to explore characteristics of participants who failed to complete seven months of planned participation in a trial of spermicide efficacy.

Methods: Trial participants were expected to use the assigned spermicide for contraception for 7 months or until pregnancy occurred.

Contraceptive effectiveness and safety of five nonoxynol-9 spermicides: a randomized trial.

Objectives: To estimate and compare the effectiveness and safety of 5 spermicides over 6 and 7 months of use, respectively. The spermicides included 3 gels containing 52.5 mg, 100 mg, and 150 mg of nonoxynol-9 per dose and a film and a suppository, each containing 100 mg of nonoxynol-9 per dose.