Excess cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents initiating antipsychotic treatment compared to young adults: results from a nationwide cohort study.

Antipsychotic treatment is associated with cardiometabolic risks that may be especially detrimental to children and adolescents. In this Danish population-based cohort study, we included individuals with psychiatric diagnoses who initiated antipsychotics in 2000-2021 at age 6-31 years. We assessed the risk of cardiometabolic adverse events up to 10 years following incident exposure to antipsychotics, compared to age- and sex-matched unexposed individuals with psychiatric diagnoses.

Emotion dysregulation in youths with obsessive-compulsive disorder and its implication for treatment - An exploratory study from the TECTO trial: A protocol and statistical analysis plan.

Background: Research on improving psychotherapy for youths with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), should explore what works for whom and how by examining baseline moderators and potential mechanisms of change. Emotion dysregulation is proposed as an intermediate therapy factor in a transdiagnostic framework. This study investigates emotion dysregulation as an outcome, mechanism, and moderator of psychotherapy in youths aged 8-17 years with OCD.

Gender Incongruence in Danish Youth (GenDa): A Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study of Danish Children and Adolescents Referred to a National Gender Identity Service.

In recent years, the national Gender Identity Service for individuals under 18 years of age in Denmark has seen a considerable increase in referrals of youngsters during puberty. Given this development, it is important to deepen our understanding of the characteristics of contemporary youngsters seeking help for gender incongruence. This understanding can serve as the foundation for improving current treatment regimens by ensuring optimal individual assessment and care.

The association between salivary oxytocin, age, and puberty in children with and without OCD.

The oxytocin system has been thought to contribute to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Few studies, only involving adults, have investigated this hypothesis and have found inconsistent results regarding oxytocin system activity and OCD. We investigated whether salivary oxytocin concentrations differed between children and adolescents with and without OCD and qualified our comparative analysis by investigating the possible covariates age, pubertal stage, and sex.

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This case report is about the treatment of a 15-year-old girl who presented with mixed episode of bipolar affective disorder dominated by symptoms of mania. Initial treatment with lithium and multiple antipsychotic medications was not effective and was complicated by uncommon and unwanted side effects. The patient was treated with ECT combined with reduced and discontinued doses of antipsychotics, which resulted in measurable positive effects.

Terror catastrophizing: association with anxiety, depression, and transgenerational effects.

Terror catastrophizing, defined as an ongoing fear of future terrorist attacks, is associated with a higher incidence of anxiety disorders, among other psychological impacts. However, previous studies examining terror catastrophizing's relationship to other mental health disorders are limited. The current study sought to determine if patients diagnosed with anxiety and depression would experience increased terror catastrophizing.

Inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Evidence suggests a role for low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of peripheral markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in children and adolescents under 20 years of age with bipolar disorder. We searched PubMed, Embase and psycINFO and performed random effects meta-analysis calculating standardized mean differences (SMD) of marker levels between patients with bipolar disorder and healthy control individuals.

I Didn't Want the Psychotic Thing to Get Out to Anyone at All: Adolescents with Early Onset Psychosis Managing Stigma.

The impact of stigmatisation on adults with mental illnesses has been thoroughly demonstrated. However, little is known about experiences of stigmatisation among adolescents with mental illness. Through semi-structured interviews with 34 Danish adolescents (14-19 years) diagnosed with psychosis, this study explores adolescents' experiences of psychosis stigma.

Socio-economic status, functioning and cognition in young versus adult patients newly diagnosed with bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives; results from a cross-sectional study.

Background: Bipolar disorders (BD) figures on top of the World Health Organization classification of disabling disorders. It is unclear if there are socioeconomic, functioning, and cognition differences in young patients newly diagnosed with BD and whether these are different for young and adult patients newly diagnosed with BD. Understanding these differences is important for tailored treatment and support.

Maternal use of hormonal contraception and risk of childhood autism spectrum disorders: A Parental Exposures and Child Health (PECH) cohort study.

A recent hypothesis suggests that maternal hormonal contraception use has contributed to the increasing incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We used a nationwide population-based cohort (the PECH cohort) including 1,056,149 Danish children born in the period January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2014, to assess associations between maternal hormonal contraception use and childhood ASD (end of follow-up: December 31, 2017). Maternal hormonal contraception use was grouped as "recent use" (≤ 3 months before pregnancy start or during pregnancy), "previous use" (>3 months before pregnancy start) and "never use", except for few products.

Clinical and sociodemographic features in offspring aged 0-3 years of mothers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Objective: Offspring of parents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disturbances. However, the ability to provide very early interventions to support these children and their families requires profound knowledge regarding characteristic features of both the parents and their offspring. Information on this subject is currently sparse.

Psychopharmacology in children and adolescents: unmet needs and opportunities.

Psychopharmacological treatment is an important component of the multimodal intervention approach to treating mental health conditions in children and adolescents. Currently, there are many unmet needs but also opportunities, alongside possible risks to consider, regarding the pharmacological treatment of mental health conditions in children and adolescents. In this Position Paper, we highlight and address these unmet needs and opportunities, including the perspectives of clinicians and researchers from the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology-Child and Adolescent Network, alongside those of experts by lived experience from national and international associations, via a survey involving 644 participants from 13 countries, and of regulators, through representation from the European Medicines Agency.

The Impact of Parental Mental Health Diagnoses, Trauma, and Coping Mechanisms on Their Children's Well-Being.

The transgenerational effects of parental diagnoses, trauma and coping mechanisms on children's internalizing symptoms are not well understood. In a population-based study of 933 families combining data from a web-based survey and the Danish registers, we used an online survey of parents to examine how parental diagnoses, trauma and coping mechanisms affect the development of internalizing symptoms in children aged 6 to 18 years. To account for attrition, we used inverse probability weights in our regression models.

Atypical neurocognitive functioning in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Atypical neurocognitive functioning has been found in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, little work has been done in children and adolescents with OCD. In this study, we investigated neurocognitive functioning in a large and representative sample of newly diagnosed children and adolescents with OCD compared to non-psychiatric controls.

Predicting obsessive-compulsive disorder episodes in adolescents using a wearable biosensor-A wrist angel feasibility study.

Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) are marked by distress, negative emotions, mental processes and behaviors that are reflected in physiological signals such as heart rate, electrodermal activity, and skin temperature. Continuous monitoring of physiological signals associated with OCD symptoms may make measures of OCD more objective and facilitate close monitoring of prodromal symptoms, treatment progress and risk of relapse. Thus, we explored the feasibility of capturing OCD events in the real world using an unobtrusive wrist worn biosensor and machine learning models.

Dimensional profiling of psychopathology in children and adolescents based on the K-SADS-PL and an analysis of the construct validity of two ADHD symptom dimensions.

Objectives: The traditional view on psychiatric disorders as categorical and distinct is being challenged by perspectives emphasizing the relevance of dimensional and transdiagnostic assessment. However, most diagnostic instruments are based on a categorical view with a threshold-approach to disease classification.

Methods: We here describe algorithms for dimensionalizing the psychopathological ratings of the widely used diagnostic interview for children and adolescents, the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL).

Adverse events in cognitive behavioral therapy and relaxation training for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A mixed methods study and analysis plan for the TECTO trial.

Background: Knowledge on adverse events in psychotherapy for youth with OCD is sparse. No official guidelines exist for defining or monitoring adverse events in psychotherapy. Recent recommendations call for more qualitative and quantitative assessment of adverse events in psychotherapy trials.

A Wearable Artificial Intelligence Feedback Tool (Wrist Angel) for Treatment and Research of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Protocol for a Nonrandomized Pilot Study.

Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in youth is characterized by behaviors, emotions, physiological reactions, and family interaction patterns. An essential component of therapy involves increasing awareness of the links among thoughts, emotions, behaviors, bodily sensations, and family interactions. An automatic assessment tool using physiological signals from a wearable biosensor may enable continuous symptom monitoring inside and outside of the clinic and support cognitive behavioral therapy for OCD.

Effect modification of an effective transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral psychotherapy in youths with common mental health problems: Secondary analyses of the randomized mind-my-mind trial.

Mind My Mind (MMM) cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) manualized treatment is effective in the management of common emotional and behavioral mental health problems in youth, yet not all individuals respond satisfactorily to treatment. This study explored potential effect modifiers, i.e.

Prospective validation of Sophia observation withdrawal symptoms: A paediatric delirium scale in critically ill children in Denmark.

Background: Paediatric delirium (PD) is increasingly recognised as a common disorder in critically ill children with a reported prevalence ranging from 9% to 66%. We validated the PD component of the Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms-Paediatric Delirium (SOS-PD) scale in a Danish setting to provide increased awareness and reliable identification of this critical condition, thereby paving the way for improved pathways to targeted delirium care.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to criterion validate the PD component of the SOS-PD screening tool by comparing blinded psychiatric and nurse assessments and to estimate the prevalence of delirium in critically ill children in a Danish context.

Do psychotic experiences act as effect modifiers in youths with common mental health problems allocated to transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy versus management as usual? Secondary analyses of the Mind-My-Mind randomized trial.

Background: Psychotic experiences (PEs) are common in help-seeking youths with non-psychotic mental health problems, yet the clinical importance of PEs as potential effect modifiers of psychotherapy interventions has been scarcely examined. We examined if PEs were associated with a differential response to transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) aimed at common emotional and behavioural problems.

Methods: We present secondary analyses from the Mind My Mind (MMM) trial that randomized 396, 6-16-year-old youths to either 9-13 sessions of transdiagnostic modular community-based CBT (MMM) or community-based management as usual (MAU).

The future of child and adolescent clinical psychopharmacology: A systematic review of phase 2, 3, or 4 randomized controlled trials of pharmacologic agents without regulatory approval or for unapproved indications.

We aimed to identify promising novel medications for child and adolescent mental health problems. We systematically searched https://clinicaltrials.gov/ and https://www.