Information extraction from medical case reports using OpenAI InstructGPT.

Background And Objective: Researchers commonly use automated solutions such as Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems to extract clinical information from large volumes of unstructured data. However, clinical text's poor semantic structure and domain-specific vocabulary can make it challenging to develop a one-size-fits-all solution. Large Language Models (LLMs), such as OpenAI's Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3), offer a promising solution for capturing and standardizing unstructured clinical information.

Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Cancer: The Role of Guardians of Innate Immunity.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by a persistent low-grade inflammation that leads to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Several factors are implicated in this pathogenetic pathway, such as innate and adaptive immunity, gut microbiota, environment, and xenobiotics. At the gut mucosa level, a complex interplay between the immune system and gut microbiota occurs; a disequilibrium between these two factors leads to an alteration in the gut permeability, called 'leaky gut'.

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Heart Failure: When Friends Become Enemies.

Heart failure is a complex health issue, with important consequences on the overall wellbeing of patients. It can occur both in acute and chronic forms and, in the latter, the immune system appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, in the forms with preserved ejection fraction or with only mildly reduced ejection fraction, some specific associations with chronic inflammatory diseases have been observed.

The Gemelli Ultrasound Chronic Pancreatitis Score: A Non-invasive Tool for the Diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis.

A dedicated ultrasound (US) score, the Gemelli Ultrasound Chronic Pancreatitis (USCP) score, could be useful in the follow-up of patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). However, its role in the diagnosis of CP has not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the role of the Gemelli USCP score in the diagnosis of CP and the agreement with standard imaging techniques.

Q-PPG: Energy-Efficient PPG-Based Heart Rate Monitoring on Wearable Devices.

Hearth Rate (HR) monitoring is increasingly performed in wrist-worn devices using low-cost photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors. However, Motion Artifacts (MAs) caused by movements of the subject's arm affect the performance of PPG-based HR tracking. This is typically addressed coupling the PPG signal with acceleration measurements from an inertial sensor.

Efforts to Improve the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine.

Seasonal influenza is an acute syndrome, principally involving the respiratory tract caused by influenza viruses that are globally present [...

Multicentric Italian survey on daily practice for autoimmune pancreatitis: Clinical data, diagnosis, treatment, and evolution toward pancreatic insufficiency.

Background: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare, and relatively new, form of chronic pancreatitis. The management of AIP can vary considerably among different centres in daily clinical practice.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to present a picture of epidemiological, clinical characteristics, outcomes, and the real-life practice in terms of management in several academic and non-academic centres in Italy.

A new ultrasound score for the assessment and follow-up of chronic pancreatitis: The 'Gemelli USCP score'.

Background: Ultrasound (US) is frequently the first line imaging technique used in patients with abdominal pain and clinical suspicion of chronic pancreatitis (CP), but its role in the diagnosis and follow-up of CP is still controversial.

Aims: We aimed to develop a dedicated score for the US staging of CP and to evaluate the agreement of this score with standard imaging techniques.

Methods: Ninety consecutive patients with a diagnosis of CP referred to the pancreatic outpatient clinic of A.

Anticoagulant therapy in the treatment of splanchnic vein thrombosis associated to acute pancreatitis: a 3-year single-centre experience.

Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is a possible complication of acute pancreatitis (AP). There are no precise guidelines on the use of anticoagulant therapy (AT) in these patients. The aim of the study was to determine the safety and the efficacy of AT in AP-associated SVT.

Cannabis-induced acute pancreatitis: a case report with comprehensive literature review.

Cannabis is an illegal drug that has been under the spotlight in recent years, due to its vast array of effects on different biological systems. The role of cannabis has been investigated in the management of pain in acute pancreatitis (AP), even though some studies suggest that it may have a causative effect in this pathology and could be considered the underlying etiology in some cases of idiopathic AP. In this case report, we discuss the case of a young man who presented with three different episodes of AP, with apparently no significant history of alcohol and drug consumption, and with no evidence of a biliary, genetic or, autoimmune etiology.

Early oral vs parenteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes and hospital costs from a tertiary care referral center.

Nutritional support is a crucial issue in Acute Pancreatitis (AP) management. Recommendations on nutrition in AP are still not completely translated in the clinical practice. We aimed to compare and evaluate the effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) vs oral/enteral nutrition (EN) on several clinical and economic outcomes in AP.

The Challenge of Autoimmune Pancreatitis: A Portrayal From the Pediatric Perspective.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare disorder characterized by prompt clinical response to corticosteroids. Lost tolerance to a variety of pancreatic antigens and subsequent development of autoantibodies are presumably involved in the initiation of AIP. Even pediatric patients have been reported with features of AIP, and awareness of this disorder is increasing among different clinicians.

Clinical assessment and management of severe acute pancreatitis: a multi-disciplinary approach in the XXI century.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most common gastrointestinal disorder requiring hospitalization, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Severe AP is characterized by the presence of persistent organ failure involving single or multiple organs. Clinical evolution, laboratory and radiological assessment are necessary to evaluate the prognosis and inform the management of AP.

LAPSE: Low-Overhead Adaptive Power Saving and Contrast Enhancement for OLEDs.

Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display panels are becoming increasingly popular especially in mobile devices; one of the key characteristics of these panels is that their power consumption strongly depends on the displayed image. In this paper we propose LAPSE, a new methodology to concurrently reduce the energy consumed by an OLED display and enhance the contrast of the displayed image, that relies on image-specific pixel-by-pixel transformations. Unlike previous approaches, LAPSE focuses specifically on reducing the overheads required to implement the transformation at runtime.

Gut Microbiota-Immune System Crosstalk and Pancreatic Disorders.

Gut microbiota is key to the development and modulation of the mucosal immune system. It plays a central role in several physiological functions, in the modulation of inflammatory signaling and in the protection against infections. In healthy states, there is a perfect balance between commensal and pathogens, and microbiota and the immune system interact to maintain gut homeostasis.

The association of pancreatic cystosis and IPMN in cystic fibrosis: case report and literature review.

Pancreatic cystosis is a rare presentation of cystic fibrosis involving pancreatic gland. To date, only very few cases of pancreatic cystosis have been described in literature. Pancreatic cystosis may begin during the second decade of life and is the rarest presentation of cystic fibrosis.

The Intricate Link among Gut "Immunological Niche," Microbiota, and Xenobiotics in Intestinal Pathology.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are diseases characterized by various degrees of inflammation involving the gastrointestinal tract. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are characterized by a dysregulated immune response leading to structural gut alterations in genetically predisposed individuals. Diverticular disease is characterized by abnormal immune response to normal gut microbiota.

Uptodate in the assessment and management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.

Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMNs) are the most common cystic tumors of the pancreas and are considered premalignant lesions. IPMNs are characterized by the papillary growth of the ductal epithelium with rich mucin production, which is responsible for cystic segmental or diffuse dilatation of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) and/or its branches. According to the different involvement of pancreatic duct system, IPMNs are divided into main duct type (MD-IPMN), branch duct type (BD-IPMN), and mixed type (MT-IPMN).

The involvement of IgH enhancer HS1.2 in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease: how the immune system can influence a multifactorial disease.

Objective: To study the 3' immunoglobulin heavy-chain regulatory region (3'RR) enhancer complex, active in class switching recombination and in B-cells, in Crohn's disease.

Patients And Methods: A total of 167 patients [79 females (47.3%) and 88 males (52.

Vision-Based Georeferencing of GPR in Urban Areas.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveying is widely used to gather accurate knowledge about the geometry and position of underground utilities. The sensor arrays need to be coupled to an accurate positioning system, like a geodetic-grade Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device. However, in urban areas this approach is not always feasible because GNSS accuracy can be substantially degraded due to the presence of buildings, trees, tunnels, etc.