Regenerative Endodontic Therapy using a New Antibacterial Root Canal Cleanser in necrotic immature permanent teeth: Report of two cases treated in a single appointment.

A case of regenerative endodontics: (a) before treatment; (b) post-treatment Xray; (c) follow-up at 6 months; (d) follow-up at 12 months.

In Vitro Alteration by Dentine and Protein of the Antimicrobial Activity of Two Endodontic Irrigants: HybenX and Sodium Hypochlorite.

Irrigant solutions commonly used for the treatment of endodontic infections can be inhibited by both organic and inorganic substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the novel irrigant HybenX and 2.5% and 5% sodium hypochlorite against , in presence of dentine powder (DP) or bovine serum albumin 20% (BSA) as inhibitory agents.

Coronally advanced flap and composite restoration of the enamel with or without connective tissue graft for the treatment of single maxillary gingival recession with non-carious cervical lesion. A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Aim of this study was to compare coronally advanced flap (CAF) and composite restoration of the cement-enamel junction (CEJ) with or without connective tissue graft (CTG) for treatment of single maxillary gingival recession with non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL).

Material And Methods: Thirty patients with single gingival recessions and previously restored NCCL were randomly allocated to the two groups. A masked examiner evaluated recession reduction (RecRed), complete root coverage (CRC), keratinized tissue (KT) gain, increase in gingival thickness (GT), patient satisfaction and Root coverage Esthetic Score (RES).

The effects of a new decontaminant solution on root canal bleeding during endodontic treatment: a randomized controlled study.

Blood contamination of the canal during preparation and obturation can be a problem in Endodontics; this may result in apical microleakage. The purpose of this investigation was to observe and evaluate the hemostatic properties of biofilm decontaminant material (sulfonic/sulphuric acid solution, HybenX, EPIEN Medical) used in teeth with necrotic pulp and unstoppable bleeding after root canal shaping. A prospective study was designed with 2 randomized parallel groups: decontaminant material (experimental group) and sodium hypochlorite 5% (control group).

Xenogeneic collagen matrix versus connective tissue graft for buccal soft tissue augmentation at implant site. A randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Background: Peri-implant soft tissue may be critical to prevent inflammation and promote gingival margin stability. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) is to compare xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) versus connective tissue graft (CTG) to increase buccal soft tissue thickness at implant site.

Materials And Methods: Soft tissue augmentation with XCM (test) or CTG (control) was performed at 60 implants in 60 patients at the time of implant uncovering.

Root coverage procedures improve patient aesthetics. A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Background: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review (SR) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to explore if periodontal plastic surgery procedures for the treatment of single and multiple gingival recessions (Rec) may improve aesthetics at patient and professional levels.

Material And Methods: In order to combine evidence from direct and indirect comparisons by different trials a Bayesian network meta-analysis (BNM) was planned. A literature search on PubMed, Cochrane libraries, EMBASE, and hand-searched journals until January 2016 was conducted to identify RCTs presenting aesthetic outcomes after root coverage using standardized evaluations at patient and professional level.

Influences of 432 Hz Music on the Perception of Anxiety during Endodontic Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Patients undergoing endodontic therapy often have severe perioperative and intraoperative anxiety, which may lead to increased perceptions of pain and vital sign instability throughout treatment. The purpose of this study was to test the influences of music, as a nonpharmacologic adjuvant, in terms of significant changes for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) before, during, and after endodontic treatment in a population with different levels of anxiety assessed with the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale.

Methods: A total of 100 patients were recruited in the present study; before starting the endodontic treatment, the interviewer administered the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale to the participants to assess the baseline level of anxiety.

Clinical efficacy of coronally advanced flap with or without connective tissue graft for the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions in the aesthetic area: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of coronally advanced flap (CAF) with or without connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions in the upper arch.

Material And Methods: Thirty-two patients with a total of 74 gingival recessions were randomly allocated to the two groups. Outcome measures, collected by a blind examiner, included complete root coverage (CRC), recession reduction (RecRed), keratinized tissue (KT) gain, increase in gingival thickness (GT), patient satisfaction and root coverage esthetic score (RES).

Stability of root coverage outcomes at single maxillary gingival recession with loss of interdental attachment: 3-year extension results from a randomized, controlled, clinical trial.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the stability of root coverage outcomes 3 years after Connective Tissue Graft (CTG) plus Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) or CAF alone at single maxillary gingival recession with minimal inter-dental clinical attachment loss.

Material And Methods: Twenty-four of the original 29 patients, 13 treated with CAF + CTG and 11 with CAF, were available for the 3-year follow-up. Measurements were performed by a blind and calibrated examiner.

Soft-tissue re-growth following fibre retention osseous resective surgery or osseous resective surgery: a multilevel analysis.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess soft-tissue re-growth following Fibre Retention Osseous Resective Surgery (FibReORS) or Osseous Resective Surgery (ORS) over a 12-month healing period.

Material And Methods: Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis showing persistent periodontal pockets at posterior natural teeth after cause-related therapy were enroled. Periodontal pockets were associated with infrabony defect ≤3 mm; 15 patients were randomly assigned to FibReORS (test group) and 15 to ORS (control group).

Shaping ability of waveone primary reciprocating files and ProTaper system used in continuous and reciprocating motion.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping effects of Wave One (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and full-sequence ProTaper nickel-titanium (NiTi) files (Dentsply Maillefer) used in reciprocating and conventional movements in a simulated canal.

Methods: Seventy-five S-shaped canals in resin blocks were randomly allocated to 3 groups (n = 25): WaveOne (group 1), full sequence of ProTaper Universal files in conventional movements (group 2), and full sequence of ProTaper Universal files in reciprocating movements (group 3). Preoperative and postoperative photographs of the simulated canals were taken under standardized conditions, after which they were accurately superimposed.

Mineral trioxide aggregate as apical plug in teeth with necrotic pulp and immature apices: a 10-year case series.

Introduction: This 10-year study evaluated the clinical and radiologic outcomes of teeth with necrotic pulp, immature apices, and periapical lesions treated with the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plug technique.

Methods: Seventeen single-rooted immature teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesion from 17 patients treated between January 2001 and December 2001 were included in this study. Apical obturation on all teeth included in the study was completed in 2 visits: first using calcium hydroxide as an interappointment intracanal medication and a second visit for the creation of the artificial apical barrier with MTA.

Endodontic management in oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome: a case report.

Introduction: Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome is an X-linked dominant trait. OFCD syndrome is characterized by congenital cataract with secondary glaucoma ocular defects; ventricular and atrial septal defects or mitral valve prolapses; facial traits such as a long narrow face, a high nasal bridge, a bifid nasal tip; and dental anomalies that include radiculomegaly, oligodontia, root dilacerations, malocclusion and delayed eruption. This clinical report describes the endodontic treatment for a 16-year-old girl who suffers from OFCD syndrome.

Effects of pH on surface hardness and microstructure of mineral trioxide aggregate and Aureoseal: an in vitro study.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the surface hardness and the morphologic microstructure of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) and Aureoseal in acid environment.

Methods: WMTA and Aureoseal were mixed and packed into 64 cylindrical stainless steel molds. Thirty-two of each group were exposed to pH values of 4.

Efficacy of ProTaper universal retreatment files in removing filling materials during root canal retreatment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ProTaper Universal System rotary retreatment system and of Profile 0.06 and hand instruments (K-file) in the removal of root filling materials. Forty-two extracted single-rooted anterior teeth were selected.

Mineral trioxide aggregate as repair material for furcal perforation: case series.

The purpose of treating furcal perforation is to seal the artificial communication between the endodontic space and the periradicular tissue to prevent alveolar bone resorption and damage to the periodontal ligament. These complications are not infrequent in cases of furcal and/or old perforations, which show a worse prognosis than fresh, small, coronal, and apical perforations. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is widely used to seal perforations because of its biocompatibility and sealability.

A diagnostic dilemma: endodontic lesion or odontogenic keratocyst? A case presentation.

Aim: To present a clinical case of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) simulating a lateral periodontal cyst.

Summary: A 39-year-old female complaining of swelling and pain in the left mandibular premolar area was found to have a radiolucent lesion between teeth 34 and 35 (FDI). Both teeth had incomplete root fillings, and orthograde re-treatment of both premolars was performed.

Mineral trioxide aggregate in the treatment of external invasive resorption: a case report.

Aim: To describe the management of external invasive resorption using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

Summary: External invasive root resorption may occur as a consequence of trauma, orthodontic treatment, intracoronal bleaching and surgical procedures, and may lead to the progressive and destructive loss of tooth structure. Depending on the extent of the resorptive process, different treatment regimens have been proposed.

Apical plug technique using mineral trioxide aggregate: results from a case series.

Aim: To examine the clinical and radiographic appearance of teeth that suffered premature interruption of root development and were treated by an mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plug technique.

Summary: Eleven teeth with immature root apices in 11 patients were treated nonsurgically by the manual application of MTA in the apical portion of the root canal under microscopic vision. Follow-up evaluations were performed at 1-2 years after treatment.

The percentage of gutta-percha-filled area in simulated curved canals when filled using Endo Twinn, a new heat device source.

Aim: To compare the percentage of gutta-percha-filled area (PGP) in simulated root canals when varying the penetration depth and function of the pluggers (heat versus heat plus vibration) using Endo Twinn.

Methodology: Sixty-four resin blocks with simulated 34-35 degrees curved canals were randomly divided into two groups in order to obtain two canal shapes: group A with 0.8 taper and group B with 0.

The use of MTA in teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices.

Three clinical cases have been treated with the use of an apical plug of MTA for apexification. All three cases were central incisors that had suffered premature interruption of root development as a consequence of trauma. According to the treatment protocol, the root canals were rinsed with 5% NaOCl; then, calcium hydroxide paste was placed in the canals for 1 week.

A SEM study of in vivo accuracy of the Root ZX electronic apex locator.

Twenty-nine unprepared, vital teeth were used to evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX in locating the root canal foramen. After extraction of the teeth, a scanning electron microscope analyzed the relation of the file tip to the foramen. The sample was divided into two groups (Group A and Group B) according to the presence of a normal apical foramen (along the root main axis) or of a lateral foramen (deviating from the root main axis).

[Localization of the apical foramen using the newest electronic instruments: stereomicroscopy and SEM (scanning electron microscopy)].

Introduction of double impedence as new parameter in root canal length electronic measurement allowed first and second generation electronic apical localizers main problems overcoming: precision failure in presence of conducting fluids. Our study's purpose was an in vitro evaluation of two third generation instruments (Apit-Osada and Root ZX-Morita Corp.) ability in apical foramen localization using sodium hypoclorite as irrigating solution.

[The ultrastructural aspects of the carious lesion].

The aim of the present study was to analyse under SEM the ultrastructural alterations in tubular content and peri- and intertubular dentin in teeth subject to active carious lesions. The samples used were teeth with grade 2 active carious lesions without signs of abrasion, wear, erosion and conservative reconstruction. The coronal fragments obtained by fracture were fixated, dehydrated and metallized before SEM analysis.

[Tubular sclerosis].

Tubular sclerosis is a pulp-dentin complex defensive response to several physiologic and pathologic stimuli; it leads to an increasing tubular obliteration which enormously reduces dentinal permeability. Its typical structural features are either increased peritubular dentin thickness or "caries crystals". Pathogenesis is a much debated question: some authors assert that peritubular dentin thickening is the main liable for sclerosis while others support a centrifugal theory.