Associations of FGF-23 and sKlotho with cardiovascular outcomes among patients with CKD stages 2-4.

Background And Objectives: CKD-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) measures contribute to cardiovascular morbidity in patients with CKD. Among these, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 and its coreceptor Klotho may exert direct effects on vascular and myocardial tissues. Klotho exists in a membrane-bound and a soluble form (sKlotho).