In vitro antiglycating effect and in vivo neuroprotective activity of Trigonelline in d-galactose induced cognitive impairment.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and cognitive impairment. Literature cites the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in AD due to increased cytotoxicity via oxidative stress. d-galactose (d-gal) induced amnesia stimulates Aβ overproduction via increased oxidative stress and AGEs.

Agmatine attenuates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced anxiety, depression-like behaviours and cognitive impairment by modulating nitrergic signalling pathway.

Agmatine, a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator, has shown to exert numerous effects on the CNS. Chronic stress is a risk factor for development of depression, anxiety and deterioration of cognitive performance. Compelling evidences indicate an involvement of nitric oxide (NO) pathway in these disorders.

Agmatine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide induced depressive-like behaviour in mice by targeting the underlying inflammatory and oxido-nitrosative mediators.

Experimental and clinical evidence indicates that pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling mechanisms play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. Agmatine is a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator that has emerged as a potential agent to manage diverse central nervous system disorders. Agmatine has been shown to exert antidepressant-like effect.

Therapeutic Effect of Saponin Rich Fraction of Achyranthes aspera Linn. on Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Objective. Achyranthes aspera Linn. (AA) is used in folklore for the treatment of various inflammatory ailments and arthritis like conditions.

Relevance of sonochemistry or ultrasound (US) as a proficient means for the synthesis of fused heterocycles.

Medicinal chemistry has been benefited by combinatorial chemistry and high throughput parallel synthesis. The use of sonochemistry under controlled conditions has been proved beneficial for medicinal chemistry and drug discovery process since it dramatically reduces reaction times, from days or hours to minutes. In addition, sonochemistry synthesis provides higher yields, lower cost, easy workups and greater purity as compared to lower yields, tedious workups, longer reaction times, lesser purity and termination of many by-products in the conventional thermal methods.