Incidence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Urban India: Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study, 15yr Follow up.

To evaluate the 15 year incidence and progression of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and identify risk factors among Indian population. From a cross-sectional study of 1425 subjects, 911 participants took part in the 4-year follow-up. Out of these 911 participants, 140 returned for the 15-year follow-up, with baseline examinations conducted between 2003 and 2006, and subsequent follow-ups occurring from 2007 to 2011 and the current 15-year follow-up from 2018 to 2021.

Evaluation of Systemic Risk Factors in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus for Detecting Diabetic Retinopathy with Random Forest Classification Model.

Background: This study aims to assess systemic risk factors in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and predict diabetic retinopathy (DR) using a Random Forest (RF) classification model.

Methods: We included DM patients presenting to the retina clinic for first-time DR screening. Data on age, gender, diabetes type, treatment history, DM control status, family history, pregnancy history, and systemic comorbidities were collected.

Health transition and eye care policy planning for people with diabetic retinopathy in south Asia.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), associated systemic disorders, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and current health policies in south Asian countries were analysed to assess country-specific preparedness to meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The south Asian countries were classified by human development index, socio-demographic index, multidimensional poverty indices, and eye health resources for epidemiological resource-level analysis. In south Asia, the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed T2D in adults aged 40 years or above, was higher in Pakistan (26.

Metabolic memory and diabetic retinopathy: Legacy of glycemia and possible steps into future.

The response of retinal pathology to interventions in diabetic retinopathy (DR) is often independent of the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values at the point of care. This is despite glucose control being one of the strongest risk factors for the development and progression of DR. Previous preclinical and clinical research has indicated metabolic memory, whereby past cumulative glucose exposure may continue to impact DR for a prolonged period.

Tear Protein Markers for Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema - Towards an Early Diagnosis and Better Prognosis.

Background: Diabetic eye disease is a highly prevalent and sight-threatening disorder. It is a disease of neuro-vascular unit of the retina, if left untreated can cause blindness. Therapeutic approaches followed for its treatment can only restrict the progression of the disease with highly variable results.

Retinopathy of prematurity in triplets - Indian twin city ROP study report number 12.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) amongst surviving triplets.

Methods: Records of preterm babies born to mothers with triplet pregnancies were retrieved from our Indian twin city ROP study database between 1 Jan 2000 and 31 Dec 2020 and analyzed.

Results: 253 surviving triplet babies born to 108 mothers were evaluated.

Management of diabetic ocular complications: from cellular insights to community strategies.

The editorial outlines an integrated approach to managing diabetic ocular complications, combining advanced scientific research with practical public health strategies to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema globally.

Population-based assessment of awareness of diabetes and diabetes related eye diseases in rural areas in Telangana, India - implications for eye health promotion.

Clinical Relevance: Understanding the awareness level of diabetes and diabetes-related eye diseases will help in developing better eye health education programmes and improve health-seeking behaviour in the community.

Background: Diabetes and diabetes related eye diseases are increasing in numbers both in urban and rural areas in India. There are limited data on awareness of diabetes and diabetes-related eye disease in rural communities of India.

Refractive outcomes following silicone oil tamponade in vitreoretinal surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the factors influencing the refractive outcomes following silicone oil tamponade (SOT) and silicone oil removal (SOR) in different lens statuses post-vitreoretinal surgery.

Design: Retrospective analysis of three different lens statuses.

Materials And Methods: This was a descriptive study that included 150 eyes of 147 patients who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy with SOT and SOR between January 2017 and June 2021.

Outcome of real-time telescreening for retinopathy of prematurity using videoconferencing in a community setting in Eastern India.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and outcome of a real-time retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) telescreening strategy using videoconferencing in a community setting in India.

Method: In a prospective study, trained allied ophthalmic personnel obtained the fundus images in the presence of the parents and local childcare providers. Analysis of images and parental counseling were done in real time by an ROP specialist located at a tertiary center using videoconferencing software.

Recommendations for initial diabetic retinopathy screening of diabetic patients using large language model-based artificial intelligence in real-life case scenarios.

Purpose: To study the role of artificial intelligence (AI) to identify key risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening and develop recommendations based on clinician and large language model (LLM) based AI platform opinions for newly detected diabetes mellitus (DM) cases.

Methods: Five clinicians and three AI applications were given 20 AI-generated hypothetical case scenarios to assess DR screening timing. We calculated inter-rater agreements between clinicians, AI-platforms, and the "majority clinician response" (defined as the maximum number of identical responses provided by the clinicians) and "majority AI-platform" (defined as the maximum number of identical responses among the 3 distinct AI).

Teleophthalmology at a primary and tertiary eye care network from India: environmental and economic impact.

Objective: To evaluate the environmental and economic impact of teleophthalmological services provided by a primary (rural) and tertiary (urban) eyecare network in India.

Methods: This prospective study utilised a random sampling method, and administered an environmental and economic impact assessment questionnaire. The study included 324 (primary: 173; tertiary: 151) patients who received teleconsultations from July to September 2022.

Optical coherence tomography characteristics and factors affecting visual acuity in diabetic papillopathy.

Purpose: To analyse baseline imaging characteristics and factors affecting poor visual acuity in diabetic papillopathy.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study conducted at a tertiary eye care centre in eyes with a diagnosis of diabetic papillopathy. Demographic data including age, gender, duration of diabetes, type of diabetes, HbA1c values and other systemic co-morbidities were recorded.

Late postoperative vitreous cavity hemorrhage after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy-observation versus intervention.

Purpose: To analyze the outcome of intervention versus observation for vitreous cavity hemorrhage occurring after a 2-month period of blood-free cavity (late postoperative vitreous cavity hemorrhage-POVCH) in eyes operated by vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: This study was a 10-year retrospective, observational, multi-center study involving eight major vitreoretinal surgical centers across India from January 2010 to December 2019. The primary objective of the study was to assess the visual and clinical outcomes of various management approaches for late POVCH.

Impact of macular buckle removal on the functional and anatomical outcomes of myopic macular hole associated retinal detachment.

A man in his 70s presented with a 1-month history of vision loss in the right eye. His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the affected eye was limited to counting fingers at close range. The examination revealed a macular hole with associated retinal detachment in the right eye and features of pathological myopia in both eyes.

Seeing beyond Gaucher disease: Early detection and treatment of ocular complications.

Background: Gaucher disease is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme glucocerebrosidase, which impairs the body's ability to break down certain fats. This leads to the accumulation of glucosyl sphingosine and glucosyl ceramide in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Gaucher disease has two major types: nonneuropathic (Type 1) and neuropathic (Type 2 and Type 3).

Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and associated factors in Indian cohort in a tertiary care setting.

Purpose: To report a big data analysis of risk and protective factors in patients with AMD, as well as report on the age-adjusted prevalence in a geriatric Indian cohort in a hospital setting.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study of all patients older than 60 years of age. Multiple logistic regression was performed for the binary outcome and the presence of AMD.

Collective modes, relaxations, de Vries behavior and field influence in SmA and SmC* phases of chiral liquid crystal dimer C-10Bms with siloxy spacer.

Investigations in chiral liquid crystal dimer with trisiloxy unit on spacer unit, viz. C-10Bms, are reported with respect to its resolved dipole moment. Occurrence of SmA and SmC* LC phases was characterized by POM and DSC.

Peering into the eye: A comprehensive look at ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and its diagnostic value in anterior segment disorders.

Background: Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a noninvasive imaging modality that enables in-vivo visualization of the structures of the anterior segment of the eye. Unlike routine ophthalmic diagnostic ultrasound which uses frequencies of 5-10 MHz, UBM utilizes ultrasound frequencies in the range of 50-100 MHz. The high-frequency probes in UBM allows for higher resolution and better visualization of subsurface ocular structures, even in the presence of anatomic or pathological obscuration.

Diabetes, Diabetic Retinopathy, and Inflammatory Disorders.

This review summarizes the impact of systemic and ocular inflammatory disorders on diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Local inflammation is a key pathology in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and is also an evolving target for clinical therapy. The legacy effects of local inflammation at the intracellular level make DR a persistent self-driven vicious process.