Advances in Pediatric Neuroimaging. MR Spectroscopy.

The basic principles of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy are presented in this work to briefly familiarize the clinician and to distinguish spectroscopy from magnetic resonance imaging. For those knowledgeable about proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, this article will also provide the reader an update on recent technical and translational developments relevant to pediatric neurologic conditions. These developments were selected for their potential impact towards the clinical care of patients in pediatric-based practices.

The role of Indian gynecologists in oncofertility care and counselling.

Oncofertility is gaining importance because of increasing cancer incidence, high survivorship, the need to provide a good quality of life to survivors and the desire of patients to preserve their fertility. Disseminating information about the effect of cancer and cancer treatment on fertility and the availability and effectiveness of fertility preservation techniques is critical. Gynaecologists in India act as family physicians and are in a unique position to guide cancer patients on issues of fertility and fertility preservation.

Evaluation of dual trigger with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin in improving oocyte maturity rates: A prospective randomized study.

Background: Mature oocytes are prerequisite for achieving the process of in vitro fertilization. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the standard trigger used for stimulating ovulation but is associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger achieves oocyte maturation and lowers the incidence of OHSS, but it has limitations of higher pregnancy loss rate and miscarriage rates.

Early onset ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome despite use of segmentation approach and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome prophylaxis.

We report a case of early onset severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) presenting with oliguria in an antagonist cycle triggered with GnRH agonist and a freeze-all approach. Prophylactic measures in the form of GnRH antagonist, cabergolin and plasma expanders were given after oocyte retrieval. Twenty-four hours after oocyte retrieval patient developed oliguria and moderate ascites.

Deep venous thrombosis in a patient undergoing In-vitro fertilization with oocyte donation.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has been reported extensively following ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome during in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Pregnancy per se increases the risk of DVT due to a hypercoagulable state. The long-term use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is another critical factor associated with DVT in women.

Management of perisylvian arteriovenous malformations: a retrospective institutional case series and review of the literature.

Object: Sylvian arteriovenous malformations (sAVMs) are challenging lesions of the central nervous system. The natural history of these unique lesions as well as clinical outcomes following treatment of sAVMs has been limited to case series owing to the rarity of these lesions. The authors present their experience with sAVMs and review the literature.