Genetic Polymorphism in Xenobiotic Metabolising Genes and Increased Oxidative Stress among Pesticides Exposed Agricultural Workers Diagnosed with Cancers.

Background: Oxidative stress combined with nullity of xenobiotic metabolizing GSTT1/GSTM1/CYP2E1 genes may increase the susceptibility of agricultural workers to adverse health effects including cancer. The present study was conducted to determine; the prevalence of polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP2E1 genes, serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxygunosine levels, and the role of these markers in risk of cancer among agricultural workers occupationally exposed to pesticides.

Methods: A total of 360 participants, of which 180 belonging to farming group diagnosed with leukemia (n=60), lymphoma (n=60) and breast cancers (n=60), 90 in non-farming group diagnosed with similar cancers and the other 90 as healthy controls with neither history of occupational exposure nor diagnosed with any type of cancers were recruited.

Mitigation of pesticide residue levels in the exposed dermal regions of occupationally exposed farmworkers by use of personal protective equipment.

Unsafe pesticide handling practices with the limited use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by the Indian farming groups lead to an increased risk of exposure to pesticides. Therefore, a community-based follow-up study based on dosimeters, wipes, and hand-wash technique was carried out to evaluate the dermal exposure to pesticides and to analyze the impact of the usage of PPE on minimizing the exposure among the farmworkers of Rangareddy district, Telangana, India. Risk in terms of hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and safety analysis as margins of safety was assessed.

Residual Dialkyl Phosphate Metabolite Concentrations of Organophosphate Pesticides Among Indian Farmworkers: Implication of Exposure and Hazard Assessment.

Objective: Biomonitoring of urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites, a sensitive biomarker to assess pesticides exposure and also to study the impact of the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

Methods: A preintervention-postintervention study to biomonitor dimethylphosphate, diethylphosphate, diethylthiophosphate, and diethyl-dithiophosphate using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry among Indian farmworkers (n = 120).

Results: Dimethylphosphate was detected in all samples at a mean concentration of 74.

Knowledge, attitude and practices related to pesticide usage among farmers: Findings from a hospital based cross-sectional study.

Background: In India, where agriculture is the prime occupation among the rural population, farmers are extensively using pesticides in crop production without taking adequate precautions.

Objective: The current study aimed to examine pesticide usage patterns, usage of personal protective equipment (PPE), knowledge on pesticide toxicity, and attitude towards occupational safety among farmers diagnosed with leukaemia (n = 60), lymphoma (n = 33), and breast cancer (n = 30) visiting a tertiary cancer care hospital in Hyderabad, India.

Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a pre-tested questionnaire and the data collected were analysed with statistical software SPSS 23.

The impact of the use of personal-protective-equipment on the minimization of effects of exposure to pesticides among farm-workers in India.

Introduction: Although excessive use of pesticides and unsafe agricultural practices may contribute to numerous intoxications, the role of PPE (personal-protective-equipment) in the minimization of toxicological effects due to pesticide exposure has not been addressed so far. The present study aimed to assess the impact of the use of PPE on the minimization of effects of exposure to pesticides among farm-workers.

Methods: A community-based follow-up study with questionnaire-based survey and field observations was undertaken among farm-workers ( = 180) of Rangareddy district, Telangana, India.

Assessment of dermal exposure to pesticides among farmers using dosimeter and hand washing methods.

Inappropriate use of pesticides followed by unsafe handling practices to control the insect infestation among the farming groups in developing countries has resulted in a high exposure risk. The use of personal protective equipment is also negligible among Indian farmers due to their affordability to access the same. Very little research has been conducted to establish an exposure assessment procedure through dermal penetration of pesticide residues.

Impact of Micronutrient Supplementation on Pesticide Residual, Acetylcholinesterase Activity, and Oxidative Stress Among Farm Children Exposed to Pesticides.

The present interventional study aimed to assess the impact of micronutrient supplementation on pesticide-residues concentrations, vitamins, minerals, acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress among 129 farm children (9-12 years, = 66 and 13-15 years, = 63) involved in farming activities in Ranga Reddy district, Telangana, India. Our data showed the presence of five organophosphorus pesticide residues (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion, monocrotophos, and phosalone) among children before-supplementation (both age-groups); while post-supplementation, only two pesticide residues (chlorpyrifos and diazinon) were detected indicating improved metabolic rate. Vitamin E, copper, magnesium and zinc levels were also improved in both the age-groups and manganese levels were significantly increased only among children of 13-15 years age group.

Alterations in reproductive hormone levels among farm women and their children occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides.

Exposure to organophosphorus pesticides may lead to reproductive hormone dysfunction. Even among children of pubertal age, the exposure may disrupt growth, development, and maturation. The present study was conducted to assess the alterations in the reproductive hormone levels, among farm women (24-45 years, n = 129) and their children (9-12 years, n = 66 and 13-15 years, n = 63) and compare them with age and gender-matched control group [women (n = 134) and their children (9-12 years, n = 69 and 13-15 years, n = 65)] belonging to villages of Ranga Reddy District, Telangana, India.

Effect of organophosphorus pesticide exposure on the immune cell phenotypes among farm women and their children.

Epidemiological studies suggest suppression of the lymphocytes function through cholinergic stimulation due to organophosphorus pesticide exposure. The study aimed to assess the alteration in the levels of immune cell phenotypes among farm women (FW) and farm children (FC) who were occupationally exposed to pesticides and age/gender-matched control subjects belonging to Rangareddy district (Telangana, India). A total of 129 FW, 129 FC and 268 age/gender-matched controls were recruited.

Organophosphate pesticide exposure among farm women and children: Status of micronutrients, acetylcholinesterase activity, and oxidative stress.

Nutritional status plays a major role in determining the possible adverse health outcomes due to pesticide toxicity. The objective of the present study was to assess the organophosphorus pesticide residue levels among farm women (FW) (24-45years) and farm children (FC) (9-12 and 13-15years) belonging to the Rangareddy district (Telangana, India) along with their micronutrient status, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, and oxidative stress levels. Residues of Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Malathion, Monocrotophos and Phosalone were found in the serum samples of FW and FC along with significantly low levels of vitamins and minerals.

Pesticide handling practices and self-reported morbidity symptoms among farmers.

Amid growing concern about the adverse effects of pesticides, a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate farmers' knowledge on pesticides handling. Results of in-depth surveys (n = 217) with field observations revealed that participants had a mean 18 years of farming experience and knapsack-sprays were used for spraying. About 99% were not using any personal-protective-equipments during mixing, loading, application operations.

Repetitive Strain Injuries of the Upper Extremity: Imaging of Tendon Pathology and Compressive Neuropathies.

Repetitive strain injuries (RSIs) encompass a broad clinicopathologic spectrum which includes discrete patterns of tissue injury involving tendons, bursae and nerves although an element of subjective symptomatology may be contributory. Upper extremity RSIs include De Quervain's tenosynovitis, intersection syndromes, epicondylitis, ulnar, and median neuritis as well as other compressive neuropathies. It is estimated that RSIs cost the US economy over $60 billion annually and while detailed clinical examination remains the diagnostic mainstay, imaging can aid in diagnosis, guide management and reduce costs.

Bone Tumors Occurring in the Soft Tissues: A Review of the Clinical, Imaging, and Histopathologic Findings.

Although rare in everyday practice, malignancies that classically arise from bone or cartilage have been reported to arise de novo in various soft tissues in the body, resulting in a diagnostic challenge for the clinician, radiologist, and pathologist. Differential diagnoses of bone tumors often depend on anatomic location of the lesion. For example, the classic location of osteosarcoma is in the metaphysis of long bones about the knee.

Predominant role of antioxidants in ameliorating the oxidative stress induced by pesticides.

Oxidative stress has been reported as one of the adverse effects caused due to pesticides, which is the main mechanism of the toxicity in humans and animals and is a useful parameter in monitoring studies. It involves an imbalance in the equilibrium state of ROS and antioxidant defenses leading to alterations in various antioxidant enzyme levels and lipid peroxidation. The objective of the current paper is to present a review of the potential role and protective mechanism action of the antioxidant micronutrient supplementation to ameliorate the oxidative stress induced by pesticides.

Sciatic Nerve Variants in Patients Diagnosed With Sciatica: Is There a Correlation?

Purpose: Compression of the sciatic nerve in its path along the piriformis muscle can produce sciatica-like symptoms. There are 6 predominant types of sciatic nerve variations with type 1 being the most common (84.2%), followed by type 2 (13.

The 2015 Amtrak Philadelphia Train Derailment: After-Action Review of the Emergency Radiology Response at Temple University Health System.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to assess a large tertiary care medical center's emergency radiology response after the 2015 Amtrak Philadelphia train derailment.

Methods And Materials: A total of 55 patients with 308 total CTs and radiographs ordered within 12 hours of arrival to Temple University Health System (combining Temple University Hospital and Episcopal Hospital) emergency departments on May 12 to 13, 2015, were included in this study. A retrospective PACS and electronic medical record chart review of emergency department imaging turnaround times (TAT) during this event was completed and compared with emergency department radiology operations for the same 12-hour period throughout the preceding year.

Efficacy of 3D Printed Models on Resident Learning and Understanding of Common Acetabular Fracturers.

Rationale And Objectives: The conceptualization of acetabular fractures can present a daunting challenge to radiology residents. 3D models have been shown to aid in the spatial perception of complicated anatomy and may help residents grasp the elaborate classification systems for these anatomically complex fractures. Prior studies have explored the utility of 3D printed models for surgical planning in various settings.

Imaging Patterns of Injuries After the 2015 Amtrak Philadelphia Train Derailment.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe the injury patterns observed in the 2015 Philadelphia Amtrak train derailment.

Conclusion: Fractures accounted for most observed injuries, but uncommon and potentially serious injuries included posterior sternoclavicular dislocation and mesenteric contusion. Imaging plays a critical role in the triage of patients during mass-casualty events, and familiarity with the injury patterns associated with high-velocity unrestrained blunt force trauma will aid diagnosis in any future similar occurrence.

Effect of background derivatization on the signal enhancement of pesticide residues extracted from edible oils.

The effect of background derivatization on the signal enhancement of pesticide residues extracted from edible oil samples was studied by GC with negative chemical ionization MS. The analytes were extracted by a solvent extraction process, and the extract was subjected to rapid low-temperature fat precipitation. The residual fatty acids were silylated by derivatization with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide.

An improved dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up method for the gas chromatography-negative chemical ionisation tandem mass spectrometric determination of multiclass pesticide residues in edible oils.

An improved sample preparation using dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up was proposed for the trace level determination of 35 multiclass pesticide residues (organochlorine, organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroids) in edible oils. Quantification of the analytes was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionisation mode (GC-NCI-MS/MS). The limit of detection and limit of quantification of residues were in the range of 0.

Genotoxicity in agricultural farmers from Guntur district of South India--A case study.

Background: Pesticides play an important role in controlling the pests on agricultural crops and thereby to increase the yield of agricultural produce. Farmers occupationally exposed to pesticides during spraying activities are more prone to genotoxicity than unexposed.

Aim: To assess the genotoxicity in farmers, engaged in spraying complex mixture of pesticides in the cultivation of cotton crops.