Sensitive electrochemical detection of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) using cobalt metal-organic framework/two-dimensional molybdenum diselenide nanocomposite-based immunosensors amplified by polyoxometalate/DNA aptamer.

Clinical diagnosis and long-term diabetes management are advanced by monitoring glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. New sensitive sandwich-like immunosensors for the diagnosis of early diabetes toward detecting HbA1c and hemoglobin (Hb) are demonstrated for the first time. DNA aptamers are used for signal amplification in the sensors for the detection of HbA1c and Hb.

Discovery of amino acid-conjugated dimethylcardamonin analogues as potent anti-cervical cancer agents on SiHa cells targeting p53 signalling pathway.

DMC (1) is a phytochemical found in the seeds of Syzygium nervosum, exhibiting anticancer activity in various cells through multiple pathways. Herein, the bioactivity of DMC (1) was enhanced by chemical modification through esterification, attaching fatty acid and amino acid moieties to yield 27 semi-synthetic derivatives. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against three main types of cervical cancer cells, including SiHa, HeLa, and C-33A.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazolium conjugated with dimethylcardamonin (DMC) as a novel potential agent against MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells.

A new imidazolium ionic liquid (IL) halide conjugated with dimethylcardamonin (DMC, 1), namely [Bbim]Br-DMC (3), was synthesised to improve the biological activity of the natural chalcone. DMC was isolated from seeds of Syzygium nervosum A. Cunn.

Simultaneous immunodetection of multiple cervical cancer biomarkers based on a signal-amplifying redox probes/polyethyleneimine-coated gold nanoparticles/2D tungsten disulfide/graphene oxide nanocomposite platform.

To advance cervical cancer diagnostics, we propose a state-of-the-art label-free electrochemical immunosensor designed for the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarker proteins (p16, p53, and Ki67). This immunosensor is constructed using a polyethyleneimine-coated gold nanoparticles/2D tungsten disulfide/graphene oxide (PEI-AuNPs/2D WS/GO) composite-modified three-screen-printed carbon electrode (3SPCE) array. The 2D WS/GO hybrid provides a large specific surface area for supporting well-dispersed PEI-AuNPs and adsorbed redox-active species, enhancing overall performance.

Inhibitory Activity of Flavonoid Scaffolds on SARS-CoV-2 3CL: Insights from the Computational and Experimental Investigations.

The emergence of the COVID-19 situation has become a global issue due to the lack of effective antiviral drugs for treatment. Flavonoids are a class of plant secondary metabolites that have antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 through inhibition of the main protease (3CL). In this study, 22 flavonoids obtained from natural sources and semisynthetic approaches were investigated for their inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CL, along with cytotoxicity on Vero cells.

Purification and characterization of crude fructooligosaccharides extracted from red onion (Allium cepa var. viviparum) by yeast treatment.

Background: Yeast treatment has been used for purification of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs). However, the main drawback of this approach is that yeast can only partially remove sucrose from crude FOSs. The main objective of this research was to screen yeast strains for the capability of selectively consuming unwanted sugars, namely fructose, glucose, and sucrose, in crude FOSs extracted from red onion (Allium cepa var.

Potential of electro-sprayed purified mangiferin nanoparticles for anti-aging cosmetic applications.

The fabrication of mangiferin nanoparticles using an electrospraying technique is a new and promising method for developing nanoparticles with higher efficiency and safety. This study aimed to fabricate mangiferin nanoparticles (MNPs) using cellulose acetate (CA) as a polymer at various parameters using electrospraying. Commercial mangiferin (CM) was purified from 88.

Electrosprayed Nanoparticles Containing Mangiferin-Rich Extract from Mango Leaves for Cosmeceutical Application.

Mango ( L.) is one of the most economically important fruits in Thailand. Mango has been used as a traditional medicine because it possesses many biological activities, such as antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory properties, microorganism-growth inhibition, etc.

Pentagalloyl Glucose-Targeted Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein and Re-Sensitization of Multidrug-Resistant Leukemic Cells (K562/ADR) to Doxorubicin: In Silico and Functional Studies.

Combining phytochemicals with chemotherapeutic drugs has demonstrated the potential to surmount drug resistance. In this paper, we explore the efficacy of pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) in modulating P-gp and reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) in drug-resistant leukemic cells (K562/ADR). The cytotoxicity of PGG was evaluated using a CCK-8 assay, and cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry.

A new portable toluidine blue/aptamer complex-on-polyethyleneimine-coated gold nanoparticles-based sensor for label-free electrochemical detection of alpha-fetoprotein.

The quantification of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a potential liver cancer biomarker which is generally found in ultratrace level is of significance in biomedical diagnostics. Therefore, it is challenging to find a strategy to fabricate a highly sensitive electrochemical device towards AFP detection through electrode modification for signal generation and amplification. This work shows the construction of a simple, reliable, highly sensitive, and label-free aptasensor based on polyethyleneimine-coated gold nanoparticles (PEI-AuNPs).

2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'‑methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone and its amino acid-conjugated derivatives induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via BAX/BCL2 ratio upregulation and in silico insight in SiHa cell lines.

We modified the chemical structure of 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'‑methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC, 1), a phytochemical found in the seed of Syzygium nervosum A.Cunn. ex DC.

Discovery of Natural Bisbenzylisoquinoline Analogs from the Library of Thai Traditional Plants as SARS-CoV-2 3CL Inhibitors: Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and Enzymatic Activity.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 has become a global issue due to the continuous upsurge in patients and the lack of drug efficacy for treatment. SARS-CoV-2 3CL is one of the most intriguing biomolecular targets among scientists worldwide for developing antiviral drugs due to its relevance in viral replication and transcription. Herein, we utilized computer-assisted drug screening to investigate 326 natural products from Thai traditional plants using structure-based virtual screening against SARS-CoV-2 3CL.

Pentagalloyl Glucose and Cisplatin Combination Treatment Exhibits a Synergistic Anticancer Effect in 2D and 3D Models of Head and Neck Carcinoma.

Although cisplatin is a first-line chemotherapy drug for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), its therapeutic efficacy is limited owing to serious side effects and acquired drug resistance. This study determined whether combining pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) and cisplatin enhanced their anti-tumor activities on HNSCC cell lines. We investigated the anticancer effect of PGG combined with cisplatin in 2D and 3D multicellular spheroid cell culture.

Effects of 2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone from Seeds on Antiproliferative, DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis in Human Cervical Cancer Cell Lines.

2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC), a natural product derived from A. Cunn. ex DC.

A radiosensitizer, gallotannin-rich extract from Bouea macrophylla seeds, inhibits radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells.

Background: Radioresistance can pose a significant obstacle to the effective treatment of breast cancers. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in the acquisition of stem cell traits and radioresistance. Here, we investigated whether Maprang seed extract (MPSE), a gallotannin-rich extract of seed from Bouea macrophylla Griffith, could inhibit the radiation-induced EMT process and enhance the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells.

A label-free immunosensor for the detection of a new lung cancer biomarker, GM2 activator protein, using a phosphomolybdic acid/polyethyleneimine coated gold nanoparticle composite.

In this work, we report, for the first time, the construction of a label-free electrochemical immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of a new lung cancer biomarker, GM2 activator protein (GM2AP). A polyethyleneimine-coated gold nanoparticle (PEI-AuNP) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) modified electrode is developed as a novel redox platform for GM2AP detection. A PEI-AuNP film-modified screen-printed carbon electrode, as a signal amplifier support, was successfully fabricated for the adsorption of PMA redox molecules and is used for signal amplification.

Iron (III)-Quercetin Complex: Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, and MRI Cell Tracking toward Potential Applications in Regenerative Medicine.

In cell therapy, contrast agents T1 and T2 are both needed for the labeling and tracking of transplanted stem cells over extended periods of time through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Importantly, the metal-quercetin complex via coordination chemistry has been studied extensively for biomedical applications, such as anticancer therapies and imaging probes. Herein, we report on the synthesis, characterization, and labeling of the iron (III)-quercetin complex, "IronQ," in circulating proangiogenic cells (CACs) and also explore tracking via the use of a clinical 1.

Pentagalloyl Glucose- and Ethyl Gallate-Rich Extract from Maprang Seeds Induce Apoptosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells through Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway.

Griffith, locally known as maprang, has important economic value as a Thai fruit tree. The maprang seed extract (MPSE) has been shown to exhibit antibacterial and anticancer activities. However, the bioactive constituents in MPSE and the molecular mechanisms underlying these anticancer activities remain poorly understood.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms minisequencing in hypervariable regions for screening of Thais.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis has displayed an important role and been considered as a powerful tool in various fields of forensic science applications. Nowadays, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on mtDNA have become additional DNA markers when conventional STR typing practically fails. mtDNA sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from the hypervariable region I (HVRI) and II (HVRII) is the standard method of mtDNA analysis.

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the hypervariable region III of mitochondrial DNA in Thais.

This study analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the hypervariable region III (HVRIII) of mitochondrial DNA in Thai individuals. Buccal swab samples were randomly obtained from 100 healthy, unrelated, adult (18-60 years old), volunteer donors living in Thailand. Eighteen different haplotypes were found, of which 11 haplotypes were unique.

Distributed control for recruitment, scanning and subunit joining steps of translation initiation.

Protein synthesis utilizes a large proportion of the available free energy in the eukaryotic cell and must be precisely controlled, yet up to now there has been no systematic rate control analysis of the in vivo process. We now present a novel study of rate control by eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) using yeast strains in which chromosomal eIF genes have been placed under the control of the tetO7 promoter system. The results reveal that, contrary to previously published reports, control of the initiation pathway is distributed over all of the eIFs, whereby rate control (the magnitude of their respective component control coefficients) follows the order: eIF4G > eIF1A > eIF4E > eIF5B.