Decoding Periorbital Aging: A Multilayered Analysis of Anatomical Changes.

Background: Periorbital aging is a complex phenomenon that involves multiple layers of facial anatomy, including bone, fat, and globe. While previous studies have predominantly focused on age-related changes in facial fat compartments, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of all periorbital components, including upper and lower orbital fat, orbital cavity volume, globe volume, and globe position, in the context of aging.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study involving 118 patients (236 subjects) aged 18-99 years who underwent brain MRI using a 3 Tesla MR system.

Dual-energy CT in head and neck applications.

Dual-energy CT (DECT), also known as spectral CT, has advanced diagnostic capabilities in head and neck pathologies beyond those of conventional single-energy CT (SECT). By having images at two distinct energy levels, DECT generates virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs), iodine maps, and quantitative features such as iodine concentration (IC) and spectral Hounsfield unit attenuation curves (SHUAC), which leads to enhancing tissue characterization, reducing artifacts, and differentiating head and neck pathologies. This review highlights DECT's applications in evaluating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), thyroid cartilage invasion, cervical lymph node metastasis, radiation therapy planning, post-treatment assessment, and role in other head and neck conditions, such as infection and sialolithiasis.

Automated Segmentation of Lymph Nodes on Neck CT Scans Using Deep Learning.

Early and accurate detection of cervical lymph nodes is essential for the optimal management and staging of patients with head and neck malignancies. Pilot studies have demonstrated the potential for radiomic and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in increasing diagnostic accuracy for the detection and classification of lymph nodes, but implementation of many of these approaches in real-world clinical settings would necessitate an automated lymph node segmentation pipeline as a first step. In this study, we aim to develop a non-invasive deep learning (DL) algorithm for detecting and automatically segmenting cervical lymph nodes in 25,119 CT slices from 221 normal neck contrast-enhanced CT scans from patients without head and neck cancer.

Contrast-enhanced 3D black-blood magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis.

Purpose: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is often under-recognized on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations without concomitant magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Contrast-enhanced black-blood MRI (BBMRI) based on a three-dimensional T1-weighted variable-flip-angle turbo spin echo sequence, one of the sequences used routinely in our practice, has the potential for detection of thrombi in patients with CVT. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance and enhancement patterns of contrast-enhanced three-dimensional BBMRI for the diagnosis of CVT.

Association between dental restorations and artefacts on head magnetic resonance images in paediatric patients.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important diagnostic tool for paediatric patients. The association between dental restorations and MRI artefacts/distortions, however, is unclear.

Aim: To investigate the association between dental restorations and artefacts in head MRI in children.

Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced 3D FLAIR sequence in acute optic neuritis.

Purpose: Contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence of the brain has the potential for detecting optic nerve abnormality. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of whole-brain contrast-enhanced three-dimensional FLAIR with fat suppression (CE 3D FLAIR FS) sequence in detecting acute optic neuritis to dedicated orbit MRI and clinical diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two patients with acute optic neuritis who underwent whole-brain CE-3D-FLAIR FS and dedicated orbit MRI were retrospectively included.

Intravoxel incoherent motion for differentiating residual/recurrent tumor from post-treatment change in patients with high-grade glioma.

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic value of f derived from IVIM technique and to correlate it with rCBV derived from DSC for the differentiation of residual/recurrent tumor from post-treatment change in patients with high-grade glioma.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent MR imaging with IVIM and DSC studies for evaluation of high-grade glioma after standard treatment were enrolled in this retrospective study. For qualitative analysis, the f and rCBV maps were interpreted as hypoperfused or hyperperfused in each parameter.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Radiology Roundtrip: Process Streamlining, Workflow Optimization, and Beyond.

There are many impactful applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the electronic radiology roundtrip and the patient's journey through the healthcare system that go beyond diagnostic applications. These tools have the potential to improve quality and safety, optimize workflow, increase efficiency, and increase patient satisfaction. In this article, we review the role of AI for process improvement and workflow enhancement which includes applications beginning from the time of order entry, scan acquisition, applications supporting the image interpretation task, and applications supporting tasks after image interpretation such as result communication.

Dual-Energy Computed Tomography-Derived Iodine Density and Spectral Attenuation Analysis for Differentiation of Inverted Papilloma and Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/Lymphoma.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the value of dual-energy computed tomography for differentiation of inverted papilloma from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)/lymphoma.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with pathologically diagnosed inverted papilloma or SCC/lymphoma underwent contrast-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography. Qualitative features (laterality, location, enhancement pattern, border, necrosis, hemorrhage, calcification, bone destruction, pterygopalatine fossa extension, adjacent invasion, and perineural spreading) and quantitative features (iodine density and spectral attenuation curve slope) were analyzed.

Report of clinical presentations and two novel mutations in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome/X-linked Thrombocytopenia.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS)/X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT) is a rare X-linked disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema, and recurrent infection. In addition, WAS/XLT increases incidence of autoimmune diseases and malignancies. We reported 7 male patients, 2 with WAS and 5 with XLT, from 6 different families.

Superior Ophthalmic Vein Embolism Following Forehead Augmentation with Autologous Fat Injection.

Background: Facial rejuvenation and reconstruction with autologous fat injection are a common and effective procedure used worldwide. Most surgeons and patients are satisfied with the favorable outcomes. However, catastrophic complications from arterial and venous occlusion resulting in visual loss and stroke may occur.

Role of Quantitative Spectral CT Analysis for Differentiation of Orbital Lymphoma and Other Orbital Lymphoproliferative Disease.

Purpose: To investigate the value of quantitative parameters from spectral computed tomography for the differentiation of orbital lymphoma from other lymphoproliferative disease, including idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease (IOID) and IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).

Methods: Patients with orbital masses who underwent pre-treatment contrast-enhanced spectral CT were enrolled in this retrospective study. The subjects were divided into lymphoma and other orbital lymphoproliferative disease groups.

Correlation between optic nerve sheath diameter measured on imaging with acute pathologies found on computed tomography of trauma patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement with signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) found on computed tomography (CT) in trauma patients.

Materials And Methods: 271 consecutive head CT trauma scans performed at our trauma center were retrospectively reviewed for ONSD and CT findings. Measurement of ONSD was made at CT and, when available, with ultrasonography (US).