Phytopharmaceutical practices of traditional health practitioners in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Traditional health practitioners constitute an important part of the health care system in Burkina Faso, particularly in the supply of traditional herbal medicines. Quality and safety of these medicines rely heavily on practices employed during their traditional development. However, traditional phytopharmaceutical practices are poorly described in Burkina Faso.

[Use of traditional medicines among conventional medicine practitioners in Burkina Faso].

Introduction: The integration of traditional medicine into biomedical health care practice is highly dependent on its acceptability by conventional medical practitioners. Its use by conventional practitioners was previously unknown in Burkina Faso.

Purpose Of Research: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of traditional medicine use and the frequency of occurrence of adverse events associated with this use among conventional medical practitioners in Burkina Faso.

Current Status and Challenges of Pharmacovigilance of Traditional Medicines in French-Speaking West African (UEMOA) Countries.

Background: West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) countries are characterised by a high prevalence of informal use of medicinal plants and traditional medicines by their population for health care, requiring the establishment of pharmacovigilance, in order to monitor the associated health risks. However, the state of implementation of pharmacovigilance for traditional medicines in UEMOA countries is not known.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the state of implementation of pharmacovigilance for traditional medicines in the eight UEMOA countries, describing the relevant community provisions, assessing the integration of traditional medicines monitoring into national pharmacovigilance systems and identifying related national challenges.

[Literature review on pharmacovigilance of medicines derived from traditional pharmacopoeias. Part I: Risks identification].

Globally, the use of drugs from traditional pharmacopoeias is a major subject. The confidence of the populations in these drugs is linked to their presumption of safety and also to the fact that geographically and financially they are more accessible than synthetic drugs. In view of the high exposure of the world population to traditional medicines, they are subject to pharmacovigilance guaranteeing their safety in use.

[Literature review on pharmacovigilance of medicines derived from traditional pharmacopoeias. Part II: Risks assessment and prevention].

After the initial stage of the pharmacovigilance process for medicines from traditional pharmacopoeias - which concerns the identification of the risks associated with their use - the risk assessment should now be approached. The latter makes it possible to detect potential signals early and to take preventive measures. We sought to understand, from a review of the literature, the steps and methods of risk assessment relating to traditional medicines, as well as the prevention strategies applied to them.

Validity of the Jump-and-Reach Test in Subelite Adolescent Handball Players.

Muehlbauer, T, Pabst, J, Granacher, U, and Büsch, D. Validity of the jump-and-reach test in subelite adolescent handball players. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1282-1289, 2017-The primary purpose of this study was to examine concurrent validity of the jump-and-reach (JaR) test using the Vertec system and a criterion device (i.

[Phytovigilance: A medical requirement and a legal obligation].

Phytovigilance consists in supervision of side effects and drug interactions consequential to use of herbal medicinal products, herbal food supplements, herbal cosmetics and/or medicinal plants. It includes thus pharmacovigilance applied to phytotherapy, nutrivigilance and cosmetovigilance but also addictovigilance in case of plants, which lead to drug addiction, and toxicovigilance in case of toxic plants. Becoming necessary owing to (acute or chronic) toxicity risks or to drug interactions risks (of pharmacocinetical or pharmacodynamical kind)--as far as it concerns interactions between several associated plants or between a plant and a chemical or biotechnological allopathic medicine--phytovigilance represents moreover a legal obligation.

Your fate is in your hands? Handedness, digit ratio (2D:4D), and selection to a national talent development system.

Over the past decade a small evidence base has highlighted the potential importance of seemingly innocuous variables related to one's hands, such as hand dominance and the relative length of the second and fourth digits (2D:4D ratio), to success in sport. This study compared 2D:4D digit ratio and handedness among handball players selected to advance in a national talent development system with those not selected. Participants included 480 youth handball players (240 females and 240 males) being considered as part of the talent selection programme for the German Youth National team.

[The Chair of the medical chemistry department at the Faculty of Medicine and the Chair of chemistry at the School of Pharmacy of Strasbourg (1794-1871)].

Strasbourg occupied during the 19th century a privileged place in chemistry, as well in education as in research, and that in particular in three institutions created after the dissolution of the old University during the French Revolution: the Faculty of Sciences, the School then Faculty of Medicine created in 1794, and the School of Pharmacy created in 1804. In 1871, Alsace was annexed by Germany. The chair of medical chemistry in the Faculty of Medicine was successively occupied by: Pierre François Nicolas (1743-1816) in 1794-1795, Frédéric Louis Ehrmann (1741-1801) from 1796 to 1798, Gabriel Masuyer (1761-1849) from 1798 to 1838, and Amédée Cailliot (1805-1884) from 1838 to 1871.

[A new breath actuated dry powder inhaler (Auto-Jethaler)].

Background: The aim was to examine the handling of the recently developed breath actuated dry powder inhaler Auto-Jethaler (PulmoTec GmbH/Höchstädt, launch by Ratiopharm and CT Berlin).

Method: 75 patients suffering from asthma, cystic fibrosis or primary ciliary dysfunction (age: 3 to 34 years; 29 female, 46 male) with mild or moderate bronchial obstruction took part in the study. Lung function testing including body plethysmography was performed to measure bronchial obstruction independent of effort.

[Pharmacists at the imperial School of the Service of military health of Strasbourg (1856-1870)].

The nineteenth century caused significant upheavals in numerous fields like techniques, in philosophy and in politics. Military pharmacy took advantage of this transition period. Military chemists became regular soldiers and officers: their training became resolutely scientific and their assignments covered extensive fields.

[The imperial School of the Service of military health of Strasbourg (1856-1870)].

Heiress of an important tradition of teaching, the School of Pharmacy from Strasbourg created in 1803 trained numerous chemists whose numerous held important positions in the Health Service of the armies. The creation of the imperial School of the military Health service in Strasbourg in 1856 and its difficult beginnings due to unsuitable premises represented from Strasbourg an economic opportunity and a chance for the Faculty of Medicine. The integration of the chemists into the imperial School in 1864 will confirm the distinguished role of the School of Pharmacy into the pharmaceutical teaching until 1870.

Lung deposition of salbutamol in healthy human subjects from the MAGhaler dry powder inhaler.

The MAGhaler (Mundipharma GmbH) is a multidose dry powder inhaler (DPI) containing a novel formulation of drug and lactose compacted by an isostatic pressing technique (GGU GmbH). On actuation, a precise dose is metered from a compacted ring-shaped drug tablet. In this study, the lung deposition of salbutamol from this device has been assessed.

[Orphan drugs: some legal, ethical and economics aspects].

Besides well-known diseases, about 5,000 identified are classed as "orphan" because of the lack of any response in terms of diagnosis, prevention and treatment. The development of drugs for these diseases, intended for a limited number of patients, often requires considerable research, and subsequently, cost. The aim of the present article is to discuss the ethical, political and economic problems relevant to the development and disposal of drugs specifically designed for these diseases, now commonly called "orphan" drugs.

Enantiomeric determination of tramadol and its main metabolite O-desmethyltramadol in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Pharmacokinetic studies require sensitive analytical methods to allow the determination of low concentrations of drugs and metabolites. When drugs present an asymmetric center, the enantiomeric determination of the compounds of interest should be performed. The method developed is based on on-line LC-MS-MS using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization as an interface determination of enantiomers of tramadol (T) and its active metabolite O-desmethyltramadol (ODT) in human plasma.

Alanine-ESR in vivo dosimetry: a feasibility study and possible applications.

A new alanine-ESR dosimeter has been developed at AERIAL in order to study its potential use in radiotherapy. Alanine-ESR results are compared with ion chamber for depth-dose measurements. A good concordance has been found between provisional dosimetry and absorbed dose during high dose rate and intra operative treatments.

[Serological studies of the recent infections of Austrian horses with the equine arteritis virus].

944 serum samples of horses, collected in 1988 and 1989, were examined for the occurrence of antibodies against equine arteritis virus by a microneutralizations test. In 10.9% of all sera reactors could be found.

Digitoxin in patients with hepatorenal insufficiency after repeated oral administration.

Following chronic oral administration of digitoxin 0.1 mg day-1 the pharmacokinetics of this glycoside were studied in seven patients with hepatorenal insufficiency and were compared with those of seven healthy volunteers. Liver cirrhosis of the patients was confirmed by liver biopsy.

Pharmacokinetics of bisoprolol during repeated oral administration to healthy volunteers and patients with kidney or liver disease.

The pharmacokinetics of bisoprolol were investigated following oral administration of 10mg once daily for 7 days in 8 healthy subjects, in 14 patients with different degrees of renal impairment and in 18 patients with liver disease. In healthy subjects peak and trough steady-state concentrations of 52 micrograms/L and 11 micrograms/L, respectively, an elimination half-life of 10.0 hours and total body clearance of 14.

Basic pharmacokinetics of bisoprolol, a new highly beta 1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist.

The basic pharmacokinetics of bisoprolol were investigated in three independent studies involving 23 healthy volunteers. After administering 20 mg of 14C-bisoprolol orally, mean elimination half-lives of 11 hours for the unchanged drug and 12 hours for total radioactivity were observed. The enteral absorption of bisoprolol was nearly complete.

Bioavailability and elimination of digitoxin in patients with hepatorenal insufficiency.

Following administration of digitoxin, 1 mg intravenously, the pharmacokinetics of this glycoside were studied in eight healthy volunteers and in eight patients with hepatorenal insufficiency (mean creatinine clearance 19.6 +/- 2.9 ml/min; antipyrine clearance 25.