Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborns born to HIV-infected mothers.

Introduction: Congenital citomegalovirus (CMVc) infection is more common in children exposed to HIV during pregnancy, with reported rates in pre-ART era from 2 to 7%. The use of combined antiretroviral treatment (ARTc) could be a determining factor in reducing this risk of CMV transmission. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of CMVc infection in newborns of HIV-infected mothers at Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain, from 2000 to 2017.

Early ART initiation during infancy preserves natural killer cells in young European adolescents living with HIV (CARMA cohort).

Introduction: HIV infection causes pathological changes in the natural killer (NK) cell compartment that can be only partially restored by antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated NK cells phenotype and function in children with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) and long-term viral control (five years) due to effective ART in a multicentre cross-sectional European study (CARMA, EPIICAL consortium). The impact of age at ART start and viral reservoir was also evaluated.

Prevalence, clinical expression, invasiveness and outcome of containing Panton-Valentine leukocidin in children treated in a university hospital of Lithuania.

There is a high prevalence of virulence factor Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) in North-East parts of Europe. The aim was to evaluate data regarding the PVL occurrences in Lithuania, determine the relationship with Methicillin resistant (MRSA), association with demographic and clinical conditions, invasiveness and severity of the disease in children treated in hospital Kauno klinikos (KK). We performed a prospective case-cohort single-center study on paediatric patients hospitalized from 2012 to 2015 to KK.

[Experience with infections in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation].

Objective: To identify risk factors associated with infectious complications acquired by paediatric patients during extracorporeal life support (ECLS).

Patients And Methods: Patients under ECLS from January 2011 to December 2014 have been retrospectively reviewed and data on demographics, care and infectious complications were collected.

Results: There were 50 ECLS assistances in the study period, of which 20 patients had 23 infectious complications: 16 were bloodstream infections, with coagulase negative staphylococci being the predominant isolate (there were 2 cases of candidaemia).

Prevention and treatment of fetal cytomegalovirus infection with cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin: a multicenter study in Madrid.

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of congenital infection worldwide. Data about the management of CMV infection in pregnant women are scarce, and treatment options are very limited. The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin (CMV-HIG) for the prevention and treatment of congenital CMV (cCMV) infection.

Disease disclosure, treatment adherence, and behavioural profile in a cohort of vertically acquired HIV-infected adolescents. NeuroCoRISpeS study.

Unlabelled: Advances in care and antiretroviral treatment, improved life expectancy and quality of life in children with perinatally-acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. There is increasing interest in the chronic effects of growing up with HIV. The aim of this study was to assess the psychosocial, emotional and behavioural functioning in a cohort of perinatally-acquired HIV-infected adolescents.

Once-daily antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents.

We evaluated the evolution over time of once-daily antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children and its relationship with adherence. An increase on the prevalence of once-daily antiretroviral therapy was observed over time (from 0.9% in 2002 to 44.

[Initial evaluation of a programme to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Equatorial Guinea].

Background: The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women in Equatorial Guinea (EG) has been reported as 7.3%. In 2008 an updated version of the PMTCT protocol was accepted according to the current WHO guidelines.

[Community-onset Staphylococcus aureus infection in neonates].

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of neonatal community-onset infections. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections in this age group has been reported in USA in the last few years; however there are no studies in Spain.

Use of combination neonatal prophylaxis for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in European high-risk infants.

Objectives: To evaluate use of combination neonatal prophylaxis (CNP) in infants at high risk for mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in Europe and investigate whether CNP is more effective in preventing MTCT than single drug neonatal prophylaxis (SNP).

Design: Individual patient-data meta-analysis across eight observational studies.

Methods: Factors associated with CNP receipt and with MTCT were explored by logistic regression using data from nonbreastfed infants, born between 1996 and 2010 and at high risk for MTCT.

[Micafungin for the treatment of neonatal invasive candidiasis].

Background: In neonatal intensive care units, deep fungal disease due to Candida spp. are an important clinical problem, partly due to the increasing prevalence of Candida disease and also to the high associated and constant morbimortality; both factors are independently maintained though there has been a significant improvement in the management of neonatal patients.

Aims: To define the therapeutic use of micafungin for the treatment of neonatal invasive candidiasis.

Outcome of protease inhibitor substitution with nevirapine in HIV-1 infected children.

Background: Protease inhibitors (PIs) have been associated with metabolic complications. There is a trend to switch to simpler therapy to improve these disturbances. We report a case-series describing the effects in metabolic abnormalities in seven HIV-infected children, previously treated with protease inhibitor (PI) after switching to nevirapine.

Cytomegalovirus infection in the first year of life in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children: impact on survival and progression of the HIV disease.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of CMV infection in the first year of life and its the impact on survival and progression of the disease.

Material/methods: This prospective cohort study included all children with a diagnosis of HIV infection in the first year of life followed at the University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid.

Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the morbidity and mortality in Spanish human immunodeficiency virus-infected children.

Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) slows the progression of HIV disease and lowers mortality and morbidity in adults. The impact on the disease course in children has not been still completely elucidated. Furthermore the effect of HAART on organ-specific complications of HIV is unknown.