Indigo Carmine Chromoendoscopy for the Diagnosis of Minor Structural Alterations of the Vocal Fold Cover. A New Application for the Technique.

Introduction: Minor structural alterations (MSA) of the laryngeal mucosa are entities involving epithelial vocal cord covering modifications. Among differentiated structural alterations of the vocal cords are sulcus vocalis, epidermoid cysts, micro diaphragms, mucosal bridges, and vasculodysgenesis. While many of these MSA are evident and can be easily visible using conventional endoscopic methods, diagnosis can be difficult even with the help of stroboscopy.

Ilixadencel, a Cell-based Immune Primer, plus Sunitinib Versus Sunitinib Alone in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Randomized Phase 2 Study.

Background: The prognosis of patients with synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is poor. Whereas single-agent tyrosine kinase inhibition (TKI) is clearly insufficient, the effects can be enhanced by combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Innovative treatment options combining TKI and other immune-stimulating agents could prove beneficial.

Response to Ra-dichloride in castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastasis: A case report.

Painful bone metastases are common in prostate cancer, with current treatments including non-steroidal analgesics and opiates, surgery, external beam radiotherapy and bone-targeting β-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. The α-emitting isotope Ra-dichloride (Ra-223) has been associated with improved overall survival and increased time to first skeletal-related events in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) presenting with symptomatic bone metastases. The current study reports the case of a 70-year-old male patient, who was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1999 upon presentation with increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and painful bone metastases in the context of CRPC.

Brain Recovery after a Plane Crash: Treatment with Growth Hormone (GH) and Neurorehabilitation: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study is to describe the results obtained after growth hormone (GH) treatment and neurorehabilitation in a young man that suffered a very grave traumatic brain injury (TBI) after a plane crash.

Methods: Fifteen months after the accident, the patient was treated with GH, 1 mg/day, at three-month intervals, followed by one-month resting, together with daily neurorehabilitation. Blood analysis at admission showed that no pituitary deficits existed.

Elbow position affects handgrip strength in adolescents: validity and reliability of Jamar, DynEx, and TKK dynamometers.

We examined whether elbow position affects the handgrip strength in adolescents. The criterion-related validity and reliability of the Jamar, DynEx, and TKK dynamometers were also analyzed. A total of 66 adolescents aged 12 to16 years performed the handgrip strength test with the elbow extended and flexed at 90 degrees .

The inflammatory response in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease is mediated by brain angiotensin: relevance to progression of the disease.

The neurotoxin MPTP reproduces most of the biochemical and pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. In addition to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated as a consequence of mitochondrial complex I inhibition, microglial NADPH-derived ROS play major roles in the toxicity of MPTP. However, the exact mechanism regulating this microglial response remains to be clarified.

Sorafenib: tolerance in patients on chronic hemodialysis: a single-center experience.

Background/objective: Improved understanding of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and recent contributions in the field of RCC biology led to the development of a novel class of drugs, i.e. multiple-kinase inhibitors, targeting growth factor receptors (e.

Time-course of brain oxidative damage caused by intrastriatal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

The unilateral and intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine is commonly used to provide a partial lesion model of Parkinson's disease in the investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis and to assess new neuroprotective treatments. Its capacity to induce neurodegeneration has been related to its ability to undergo autoxidation in the presence of oxygen and consequently to generate oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the time course of brain oxidative damage induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6 microg in 5 microl of sterile saline containing 0.

Reduction of dopaminergic degeneration and oxidative stress by inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme in a MPTP model of parkinsonism.

There is growing evidence indicating that oxidative stress is a key contributor to the pathogenesis and progression of Parkinson's disease. The brain, and particularly the basal ganglia, possesses a local rennin-angiotensin system. Angiotensin activates NAD(P)H-dependent oxidases, which are a major intracellular source of superoxide, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have shown antioxidant properties.

Glial overexpression of heme oxygenase-1: a histochemical marker for early stages of striatal damage.

The level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the normal striatum is below the limit of immunodetection. However, HO-1 is overexpressed in both neural and non-neural cells in response to a wide range of lesions. We induced different types of lesions affecting the striatal cells or the main striatal afferent systems in rats to investigate if overexpression of HO-1 could be a useful histochemical marker of striatal damage.

Systemic administration of N-acetylcysteine protects dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration.

The results of several in vitro studies have shown that cysteine prodrugs, particularly N-acetylcysteine, are effective antioxidants that increase the survival of dopaminergic neurons. N-acetylcysteine can be systemically administered to deliver cysteine to the brain and is of potential use for providing neuroprotection in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, it has also been reported that an excess of cysteine may induce neurotoxicity.

Digital retinal images and teleophthalmology for detecting and grading diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: Detecting and grading of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by means of digital retinal images sent via the Internet.

Research Design And Methods: Four nonstereoscopic digital retinal images (45 degrees field each) of 126 eye fundus images from 70 diabetic patients were obtained with a nonmydriatic camera at two peripheral units. The images were sent via the Internet using a web-based system to a reference center, where they were diagnosed and graded by one ophthalmologist.