Synergic Integration of the miRNome, Machine Learning and Bioinformatics for the Identification of Potential Disease-Modifying Agents in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Introduction: Understanding the diverse pathogenetic pathways in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is crucial for improving outcomes. microRNA (miRNA) profiling is a promising strategy for elucidating these mechanisms.

Objective: To characterize the pathogenetic pathways linked to OSA through the integration of miRNA profiles, machine learning (ML) and bioinformatics.

Frailty as an independent risk factor for prolonged postoperative length of stay: A retrospective analysis of 2015-2019 ACS NSQIP data.

Background: Frailty, a syndrome of decreased resilience to physiologic stress, has been associated with increased postoperative length of stay (LOS) for specific procedures. Yet, the literature lacks large-scale analyses examining the relationship between frailty and LOS across surgical procedure.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 65+ undergoing inpatient surgery including emergency procedures between 2015 and 2019 using American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP®) data.

Effect of Interprofessional Crisis Simulation Training in a Non-Operating Room Anesthesia Setting on Team Coordination: A Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Crisis resource management in non-operating room anesthesia (NORA) locations is challenging but can potentially be improved through interprofessional crisis simulation training (ICST). This mixed methods study aimed to evaluate the effect of a one-time training on team coordination in diagnostic and interventional magnetic resonance imaging locations.

Methods: Personnel from anesthesia, radiology, and perioperative services (n = 87) underwent ICST over eight months.

Association Between Postpartum Depression Symptoms and Social Determinants of Health in Outpatient Pediatric Clinic.

Introduction: We aimed to (1) identify the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and (2) analyze the relationship between PPD symptoms and social determinants of health (SDoH).

Method: We obtained data from 1327 infant/mother dyads at 1 and 6-month well-child checks. We used Chi-square and T-tests to compare social determinants between PPD screening groups and logistical regression to construct predictive models for PPD.

Perioperative Primary Care Utilization and Postoperative Readmission, Emergency Department Use, and Mortality in Older Surgical Patients.

Background: Postdischarge primary care follow-up is associated with lower readmission rates after medical hospitalizations. However, the effect of primary care utilization on readmission has not been studied in surgical patients.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older undergoing major inpatient diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (n = 3,552,906) from 2017 through 2018, examining the association between postdischarge primary care visits within 14 days of discharge (primary exposure), and Annual Wellness Visits in the year prior (secondary exposure), with 30-day unplanned readmission (primary outcome), emergency department visits, and mortality (secondary outcomes).

Engagement in GI Behavioral Health Is Associated with Reduced Portal Messages, Phone Calls, and ED Visits.

Background And Aims: Chronic digestive disorders are associated with increased costs for healthcare systems and often require provision of both urgent care and non-face-to-face (non-F2F) care, such as responding to patient messages. Numerous benefits of integrated gastroenterology (GI) behavioral health have been identified; however, it is unclear if integrated care impacts healthcare utilization, including urgent care and non-F2F contact. We sought to investigate the association between patient engagement with GI behavioral health and healthcare utilization.

Dynamics of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids during a Cycling Grand Tour Are Related to Exercise Performance and Modulated by Dietary Intake.

Background: Regular exercise has been described to modify both the diversity and the relative abundance of certain bacterial taxa. To our knowledge, the effect of a cycling stage race, which entails extreme physiological and metabolic demands, on the gut microbiota composition and its metabolic activity has not been analysed.

Objective: The aim of this cohort study was to analyse the dynamics of faecal microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content of professional cyclists over a Grand Tour and their relationship with performance and dietary intake.

Team Relations and Role Perceptions During Anesthesia Crisis Management in Magnetic-Resonance Imaging Settings: A Mixed Methods Exploration.

Background: An increasing number of procedures are performed in non-operating room anesthesia (NORA) settings, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suites. Patient care in NORA is accomplished by interprofessional ad hoc teams (anesthesia clinicians, imaging technologists, and others), who do not regularly work together otherwise. The authors aimed to explore team relations and role perceptions during crisis situations in MRI settings among such ad hoc teams.

Tumor mutational burden predictability in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with immunotherapy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has been demonstrated to predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in various cancers. However, the role of TMB in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not yet been specifically addressed. Since HNSCC patients exhibit a rather limited response to ICIs, there is an unmet need to develop predictive biomarkers to improve patient selection criteria and the clinical benefit of ICI treatment.

Longitudinal outcomes of final kissing balloon inflation in coronary bifurcation lesions treated with a single stent.

Background: Final kissing balloon inflation (FKBI) is a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) technique that is considered mandatory to improve outcomes in two-stent strategies, but its use in single-stent bifurcation PCI remains controversial.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we identified patients with coronary bifurcation lesions treated with one stent from January 2012 to March 2021 at a single academic medical center. Incidence rates per 1,000 patient-years (IR1000) were calculated for the outcomes of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), target lesion revascularization (TLR), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and cardiac readmission between patients who received FKBI and those who did not over a median follow up of 2.

Revisiting incidence rates comparison under right censorship.

Data description is the first step for understanding the nature of the problem at hand. Usually, it is a simple task that does not require any particular assumption. However, the interpretation of the used descriptive measures can be a source of confusion and misunderstanding.

Association of neurocognitive disorders with morbidity and mortality in older adults undergoing major surgery in the USA: a retrospective, population-based, cohort study.

Background: Neurocognitive disorders become increasingly common as patients age, and increasing numbers of surgical interventions are done on older patients. The aim of this study was to understand the clinical characteristics and outcomes of surgical patients with neurocognitive disorders in the USA in order to guide future targeted interventions for better care.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used claims data for US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older with a record of inpatient admission for a major diagnostic or therapeutic surgical procedure between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2018.

Circulating miR-133a-3p defines a low-risk subphenotype in patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea: a decision tree machine learning approach.

Background: Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and central sleep apnea (CSA) are at a very high risk of fatal outcomes.

Objective: To test whether the circulating miRNome provides additional information for risk stratification on top of clinical predictors in patients with HFrEF and CSA.

Methods: The study included patients with HFrEF and CSA from the SERVE-HF trial.

Impact of timing of antihypertensive treatment on mortality: an observational study from the Spanish Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Registry.

Background And Aims: Whether bedtime versus morning administration of antihypertensive therapy is beneficial on outcomes is controversial. We evaluated the risk of total and cardiovascular mortality in a very large observational cohort of treated hypertensive patients, according to the timing of their usual treatment administration (morning versus evening).

Methods: Vital status and cause of death were obtained from death certificates of 28 406 treated hypertensive patients (mean age 62 years, 53% male individuals), enrolled in the Spanish Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) Registry between 2004 and 2014.

Adoption and Diffusion of Transcarotid Artery Revascularization in Contemporary Practice.

Background: In 2015, the FDA approved transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TF-CAS) for high-risk patients with carotid stenosis. This was granted in the absence of level 1 evidence to support TCAR. We aimed to document trends in TCAR utilization, its diffusion over time, and the clinical phenotypes of patients undergoing TCAR, CEA, and TF-CAS.

The Comet Assay in Drosophila: A Tool to Study Interactions between DNA Repair Systems in DNA Damage Responses In Vivo and Ex Vivo.

The comet assay in Drosophila has been used in the last few years to study DNA damage responses (DDR) in different repair-mutant strains and to compare them to analyze DNA repair. We have used this approach to study interactions between DNA repair pathways in vivo. Additionally, we have implemented an ex vivo comet assay, in which nucleoids from treated and untreated cells were incubated ex vivo with cell-free protein extracts from individuals with distinct repair capacities.

Chronic Pain and Mood Disorders Are Not Barriers to Symptom Improvement Under Collaborative Co-managed Care (C).

Objectives: Patients with comorbid chronic pain and mood disorders have more severe gastrointestinal disease and higher healthcare expenses than their peers. We sought to determine whether management under our innovative Collaborative Co-Managed Care (C) general gastroenterology care model improved outcomes.

Methods: Patient questionnaires completed by outpatients at our GI Motility Center were analyzed alongside demographic information to determine predictors of response to treatment based on adequate relief of gastrointestinal symptoms and improvement in quality of life.

Postoperative rehospitalization in older surgical patients: an age-stratified analysis.

Background: Older adults comprise 40% of surgical inpatients and are at increased risk of postoperative rehospitalization. A decade ago, 30-day rehospitalizations for Medicare patients were reported as 15%, and more than 70% was attributed to medical causes. In the interim, there have been several large-scale efforts to establish best practice for older patients through surgical quality programs and national initiatives by Medicare and the National Health Service.

Tracking between cardiovascular-related measures at 4 and 8 years of age in the INMA-Asturias cohort.

Identifying cardiovascular-related measures that track from early childhood into later ages may help inform early prevention targets for cardiovascular disease. In this study, the tracking of triglycerides (TG), high-density cholesterol (HDL-c), atherogenic coefficient (AC), waist circumference to height ratio (WC/Height), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was examined in the INMA-Asturias cohort between 4 and 8 years of age. The analysis was conducted in 307 children who participated in the INMA-Asturias cohort (Spain) at 4 and at 8 years of age.

Medium and long-term prognosis in hospitalised older adults with multimorbidity. A prospective cohort study.

Background: Data about long-term prognosis after hospitalisation of elderly multimorbid patients remains scarce.

Objectives: Evaluate medium and long-term prognosis in hospitalised patients older than 75 years of age with multimorbidity. Explore the impact of gender, age, frailty, physical dependence, and chronic diseases on mortality over a seven-year period.

Anaesthesia clinicians' perception of safety, workload, anxiety, and stress in a remote hybrid suite compared with the operating room.

Background: Anaesthesia care outside of the standard operating room (OR) can be challenging. This prospective matched case-pair study describes the difference in anaesthesia clinicians' perception of safety, workload, anxiety, and stress in two settings by comparing similar neurosurgical procedures performed in either the OR or a remote hybrid room with intraoperative MRI (MRI-OR).

Methods: A visual numeric scale for safety perception and validated instruments for workload, anxiety, and stress were administered to enrolled anaesthesia clinicians after induction of anaesthesia and at the end of eligible cases.

Variables associated with cortical motor mapping thresholds: A retrospective data review with a unique case of interlimb motor facilitation.

Introduction: Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is crucial to preserve eloquent neurological functions during brain tumor resections. We observed a rare interlimb cortical motor facilitation phenomenon in a patient with recurrent high-grade glioma undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection; the patient's upper arm motor evoked potentials (MEPs) increased in amplitude significantly (up to 44.52 times larger,  < 0.