Effects of Food Processing on Allergenicity.

Purpose Of Review: There is an increasing awareness among clinicians that industrial and household food processing methods can increase or decrease the allergenicity of foods. Modification to allergen properties through processing can enable dietary liberations. Reduced allergenicity may also allow for lower risk immunotherapy approaches.

Novel analytical solutions for convolution in compartmental pharmacokinetic models and application to non-bioequivalent formulations.

Deconvolution and convolution are powerful tools that allow decomposition and reconstruction, respectively, of plasma versus time profiles from input and impulse functions. While deconvolution have commonly used compartmental approaches (e.g.

Gene expression differentiation in the reproductive tissues of Drosophila willistoni subspecies and their hybrids.

Early lineage diversification is central to understand what mutational events drive species divergence. Particularly, gene misregulation in interspecific hybrids can inform about what genes and pathways underlie hybrid dysfunction. In Drosophila hybrids, how regulatory evolution impacts different reproductive tissues remains understudied.

Approaches to Psychosocial Care Within Tertiary Diabetes Care Centres in Canada: An Environmental Scan.

Background: Patients with diabetes facing psychosocial challenges often struggle with diabetes self-management, and thereby are at risk of complications arising from hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Despite the Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines' recommendations for diabetes centres to offer psychosocial services for the screening and support of patients with psychosocial barriers, the extent to which these recommendations have been implemented in centres across Canada is unknown.

Methods: Tertiary adult diabetes centres affiliated with academic institutions were invited to participate in our quantitative survey (n=40).

Multiscale analysis of the randomization limits of the chromosomal gene organization between Lepidoptera and Diptera.

How chromosome gene organization and gene content evolve among distantly related and structurally malleable genomes remains unresolved. This is particularly the case when considering different insect orders. We have compared the highly contiguous genome assemblies of the lepidopteran and the dipteran which shared a common ancestor around 290 Ma.

A de novo transcriptional atlas in Danaus plexippus reveals variability in dosage compensation across tissues.

A detailed knowledge of gene function in the monarch butterfly is still lacking. Here we generate a genome assembly from a Mexican nonmigratory population and used RNA-seq data from 14 biological samples for gene annotation and to construct an atlas portraying the breadth of gene expression during most of the monarch life cycle. Two thirds of the genes show expression changes, with long noncoding RNAs being particularly finely regulated during adulthood, and male-biased expression being four times more common than female-biased.

Poloxamer 188-Coated Ammonium Methacrylate Copolymer Nanocarriers Enhance Loperamide Permeability across Pgp-Expressing Epithelia.

Loperamide is a μ-opioid agonist with poor gastrointestinal absorption, mainly because of its modest aqueous solubility and being a P-glycoprotein (Pgp) efflux substrate. Nevertheless, studies associated with therapeutic effects strongly suggest that loperamide holds potential pharmacological advantages over traditional μ-opioid agonists commonly used for analgesia. Thus, in this Communication, we assessed in MDCK-hMDR1 cell lines the effects over loperamide uptake and efflux ratio, when loaded into Eudragit RS (ERS) nanocarriers coated with poloxamer 188 (P188).

Metformin Transport in Native MDCK-Wt and MDCK-II Monolayers Unveils Functional Inter-Strains Differences Influencing Drug Permeability.

Purpose: MDCK cells are commonly used to assess drug permeability, but the existence of various strains merits a comparative functional study. Since metformin absorption is largely mediated by transporters and paracellular diffusion, we used it to functionally compare MDCK-wt and MDCK-II.

Methods: Uptake, bidirectional transport and efflux experiments were performed using different buffers, pH, and a panel of transporter inhibitors.

"Development of Fixed Dose Combination Products" Workshop Report: Considerations of Gastrointestinal Physiology and Overall Development Strategy.

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most popular and used routes of drug product administration due to the convenience for better patient compliance and reduced costs to the patient compared to other routes. However, its complex nature poses a great challenge for formulation scientists when developing more complex dosage forms such as those combining two or more drugs. Fixed dose combination (FDC) products are two or more single active ingredients combined in a single dosage form.

Structural requirements of the human sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (hASBT): role of 3- and 7-OH moieties on binding and translocation of bile acids.

Bile acids (BAs) are the end products of cholesterol metabolism. One of the critical steps in their biosynthesis involves the isomerization of the 3β-hydroxyl (-OH) group on the cholestane ring to the common 3α-configuration on BAs. BAs are actively recaptured from the small intestine by the human Apical Sodium-dependent Bile Acid Transporter (hASBT) with high affinity and capacity.

Putative irreversible inhibitors of the human sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (hASBT; SLC10A2) support the role of transmembrane domain 7 in substrate binding/translocation.

Purpose: To explore the involvement of transmembrane domain (TM) 7 of the human apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (hASBT) on bile acid (BA) binding/translocation, using two electrophilic BA derivatives as molecular probes.

Methods: Two electrophilic derivatives of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inactivate hASBT, and the human organic cation/carnitine transporter (hOCTN2) as a control (i.e.

Inhibition requirements of the human apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (hASBT) using aminopiperidine conjugates of glutamyl-bile acids.

Purpose: Synthesize aminopiperidine conjugates of glutamyl-bile acids (glu-BAs) and develop a hASBT inhibition model using the conformationally sampled pharmacophore (CSP) approach.

Methods: glu-BAs aminopiperidine conjugates were synthesized. hASBT inhibition was measured as K(i).

Method to screen substrates of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter.

Human apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (hASBT) is a potential prodrug target under study. Development of prodrugs that target hASBT may yield compounds with low solubility and/or susceptibility to hydrolysis. A transport uptake method is needed that increases compound solubility and avoids NaOH for cell lysis during postexperimental cell sample preparation.