Urine collection methods in precontinent children treated at the paediatric emergency department.

Aim: To describe the urine collection methods used in precontinent children presenting at the Paediatric Emergency Department (PED) and compare results and contamination rates.

Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study that included 1678 urine cultures collected in infants <24 months of age between January 2016 and December 2019. Urine cultures were compared based on collection technique, sex and patient age.

Fulminant endogenous panophthalmitis caused by Clostridium septicum infection.

We report an unusual case of fulminant endogenous Clostridium septicum panophthalmitis. A 74-year-old male patient presented with sudden amaurosis in the right eye, which in a few hours, evolved into an orbital cellulitis, endophthalmitis, anterior segment ischemia, and secondary perforation of the eye. A complete diagnostic study, which included cranial and orbital contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, blood cultures, and complete blood work, were performed.

One-year follow-up of choroidal and macular thickness in acute non-treated central serous chorioretinopathy.

Clinical Relevance: Choroidal and macular thickness assessments are essential to understand the evolution of central serous chorioretinopathy and could help in identifying patients more prone to recurrence.

Background: The aim of this work was to evaluate changes in the choroidal thickness and macular thickness in acute non-treated central serous chorioretinopathy during a one-year follow-up.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal study of 38 patients with central serous chorioretinopathy and 35 healthy controls at a tertiary care facility (Fundación Alcorcón University Hospital) was conducted.

Iridochorioretinal coloboma associated with buried optic nerve drusen: a case report.

Improper closure of the embryonic fissure results in ocular coloboma. Optic nerve head drusen are hyaline deposits located anterior to the lamina cribosa that grow and calcify over time. It is rarely associated with ocular coloboma, with only two cases reported.

Urine collection methods for infants under 3 months of age in clinical practice.

Background: Methods of urine collection used in precontinent children are a controversial issue. Definitive diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) requires an uncontaminated urine culture. We aimed to describe methods used to collect urine for culture in infants under 3 months of age and compare results and contamination rates.

Gene polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of exudative age-related macular degeneration in a Spanish population.

Purpose: To identify the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in , and genes and exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a Spanish population.

Methods: In 187 exudative AMD patients and 196 healthy controls (61% women, mean age 75 years), 12 SNPs as risk factors for AMD in (rs1410996, rs1061170, r380390), ARMS2 (rs10490924, rs10490923), (rs11200638), (rs641153), (rs547154, rs9332739), and (rs147859257, rs2230199, rs1047286) genes were analyzed.

Results: The G allele was the most frequent in CFH gene (rs1410996) with a 7-fold increased risk of AMD (OR 7.

Diagnosis of optic nerve head drusen using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography (EDI-OCT) in differentiating between optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) and optic disc oedema (ODE).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 140 patients: 83 patients with ONHD (49 hidden and 34 visible), 20 patients with pseudopapilloedema (without drusen), and 37 patients with ODE. EDI-OCT of the optic nerve was performed, selecting one high-resolution line from the HD 5-line raster protocol.

Sensitivity and specificity of choroidal thickness measurement by EDI-OCT for central serous chorioretinopathy diagnosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of choroidal thickness (CT) measurement by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) diagnosis.

Methods: Cross-sectional comparative study of 62 consecutive patients: 38 with acute CSC and 24 with macular subretinal fluid from differential diagnoses (DD). Subfoveolar choroidal thickness was measured using EDI 9-mm horizontal protocol.

Study of peripapillary vascular flow using optical coherence tomography angiography in optic nerve head drusen.

Importance: To evaluate peripapillary vascular flow using optical coherence tomography angiography (angio-OCT) in patients with optic nerve head drusen (ONHD).

Background: Angio-OCT allows non-invasive visualization and quantification peripapillary vascular flow.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Prepapillary vascular loop-a new classification.

Background/objectives: To analyze the ophthalmic characteristics of congenital prepapillary vascular loop (PVL) and to propose a new morphologic classification dividing the loops into six types.

Subjects/methods: Collaborative multinational multicentre retrospective study of PVL cases.

Results: There was a total of 49 cases (61 eyes), 37 unilateral (75.

Performing a urine dipstick test with a clean-catch urine sample is an accurate screening method for urinary tract infections in young infants.

Aim: This study evaluated using urine dipstick tests with the clean-catch method to screen for urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile infants under 90 days of age.

Methods: We carried out a comparative diagnostic accuracy study of infants under 90 days old, who were studied for unexplained fever without any source, in the emergency room of a hospital in Madrid from January 2011 to January 2013. We obtained matched samples of urine using two different methods: a clean-catch, standardised stimulation technique and catheterisation collection.

Accuracy of a new clean-catch technique for diagnosis of urinary tract infection in infants younger than 90 days of age.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of diagnosing urinary tract infections using a new, recently described, standardized clean-catch collection technique.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of infants <90 days old admitted due to fever without a source, with two matched samples of urine obtained using two different methods: clean-catch standardized stimulation technique and bladder catheterization.

Results: Sixty paired urine cultures were obtained.

Solitary congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium features by high-definition optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To describe the features of solitary congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) using high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT).

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, noncomparative case series including 16 consecutive patients with solitary CHRPE. We describe the clinical and OCT features of CHRPE using the 5 radial lines acquisition OCT protocol over the CHRPE and the retina next to the tumor.

Using autofluorescence to detect optic nerve head drusen in children.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of using autofluorescence to identify optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) in children.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study of subjects <18 years of age with possible pseudopapilledema due to ONHD. B-scan ultrasonography was considered the gold standard diagnostic technique.

Anatomical and functional impairment of the nerve fiber layer in patients with optic nerve head drusen.

Objective: To evaluate anatomical and functional impairment of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and automated perimetry in patients with optic nerve head drusen (ONHD).

Materials And Methods: Sixty-six eyes (66 patients) were studied with ONHD - confirmed by ultrasound B scan - and 70 eyes (70 subjects) of healthy control subjects. ONHD cases were categorised as visible or hidden.

Comparison of optic area measurement using fundus photography and optical coherence tomography between optic nerve head drusen and control subjects.

Purpose: To compare optic disc area measurement between optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) and control subjects using fundus photography, time-domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). We also made a comparison between each of the three techniques.

Methods: We performed our study on 66 eyes (66 patients) with ONHD and 70 healthy control subjects (70 controls) with colour ocular fundus photography at 20º (Zeiss FF 450 IR plus), TD-OCT (Stratus OCT) with the Fast Optic Disc protocol and SD-OCT (Cirrus OCT) with the Optic Disc Cube 200 × 200 protocol for measurement of the optic disc area.

Sensitivity and specificity of monochromatic photography of the ocular fundus in differentiating optic nerve head drusen and optic disc oedema: optic disc drusen and oedema.

Background: Evaluation of the efficacy of monochromatic photography of the ocular fundus in differentiating optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) and optic disc oedema (ODE).

Methods: Sixty-six patients with ONHD, 31 patients with ODE and 70 healthy subjects were studied. Colour and monochromatic fundus photography with different filters (green, red and autofluorescence) were performed.

Ophthalmic features of optic disc drusen.

Purpose: To evaluate the ophthalmoscopic manifestations of patients with visible and hidden optic disc drusen (ODD).

Method: We studied 55 patients (100 eyes) with ODD that were confirmed using B-scan ultrasonography and a control group of 60 patients (100 eyes) for differential diagnosis. We analysed the optic nerve features with stereoscopic photography and compared the characteristics between visible and hidden ODD and between hidden ODD and papilloedema.

Sensitivity and specificity of time-domain and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in differentiating optic nerve head drusen and optic disc oedema.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of time-domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in differentiating between optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) and optic disc oedema (ODE).

Methods: We studied 66 patients with ONHD, 31 patients with ODE, and 70 controls using TD-OCT and SD-OCT. We analysed two aspects of the tomographic findings: (i) quantitative, through measurement of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and papillary elevation; and (ii) qualitative, through assessment of the hyporeflective space, morphology of the internal contour, focal papillary mass and RNFL increases in seven contiguous clock hours.

Idiopathic ophthalmodynia and idiopathic rhinalgia: two topographic facial pain syndromes.

Objective: To describe 2 topographic facial pain conditions with the pain clearly localized in the eye (idiopathic ophthalmodynia) or in the nose (idiopathic rhinalgia), and to propose their distinction from persistent idiopathic facial pain.

Background: Persistent idiopathic facial pain, burning mouth syndrome, atypical odontalgia, and facial arthromyalgia are idiopathic facial pain syndromes that have been separated according to topographical criteria. Still, some other facial pain syndromes might have been veiled under the broad term of persistent idiopathic facial pain.

Intraocular gas treatment for myopic foveoschisis.

Purpose: To report a case of symptomatic myopic retinoschisis with foveolar detachment and lamellar macular hole, treated with expansible gas.

Methods: Interventional case report. A myopic patient presented with a history of decreased vision and metamorphopsia in his right eye.

Diplopia after cataract surgery: comparative results after topical or regional injection anesthesia.

Objective: To compare the incidence of diplopia after topical or regional injection anesthesia in cataract surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective, noncomparative interventional case series.

Participants And Methods: Three thousand five hundred forty-two consecutive cataract surgeries, performed from March 1998 to December 2001, were studied.