Effects of human immunodeficiency virus and metabolic complications on myocardial nutrient metabolism, blood flow, and oxygen consumption: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: In the general population, peripheral metabolic complications (MC) increase the risk for left ventricular dysfunction. Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) are associated with MC, left ventricular dysfunction, and a higher incidence of cardiovascular events than the general population. We examined whether myocardial nutrient metabolism and left ventricular dysfunction are related to one another and worse in HIV infected men treated with cART vs.

Impact of gender on the myocardial metabolic response to obesity.

Objectives: We sought to determine the gender-specific effects of obesity on myocardial metabolism, work, and efficiency.

Background: Myocardial metabolism abnormalities may contribute to the development of obesity-related heart failure. Increased myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO(2)) and fatty acid (FA) metabolism and decreased efficiency occur with obesity in women.

Exercise training impacts the myocardial metabolism of older individuals in a gender-specific manner.

Aging is associated with decreases in aerobic capacity, cardiac function, and insulin sensitivity as well as alterations in myocardial substrate metabolism. Endurance exercise training (EET) improves cardiac function in a gender-specific manner, and EET has been shown to improve whole body glucose tolerance, but its effects on myocardial metabolism are unclear. Accordingly, we studied the effect of EET on myocardial substrate metabolism in older men and women.

Sex differences in myocardial oxygen and glucose metabolism.

Background: Both physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions affect the myocardium's substrate use and, consequently, its structure, function, and adaptability. The effect of sex on myocardial oxygen, glucose, and fatty acid metabolism in humans is unknown.

Methods And Results: We studied 25 young subjects (13 women and 12 men) using positron emission tomography, quantifying myocardial blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), and glucose and fatty acid extraction and metabolism.

Metabolic syndrome is associated with abnormal left ventricular diastolic function independent of left ventricular mass.

Aim: To characterize the extent to which metabolic syndrome criteria predict left ventricular (LV) structure and function.

Methods And Results: Metabolic syndrome criteria were assessed in 607 adults with normal LV function. The cohort was grouped according to the number of criteria satisfied: (1) Absent (0 criteria, n = 110); (2) Pre-Metabolic Syndrome (1-2 criteria, n = 311); and (3) Metabolic Syndrome (>or=3 criteria, n = 186).

Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with abnormal myocardial fatty acid metabolism and myocardial efficiency.

Background: Hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and death by mechanisms not well characterized.

Methods And Results: Myocardial fatty acid (FA) metabolism and left ventricular (LV) mass were evaluated in 13 patients with hypertensive LVH with normal LV ejection fraction and 42 normal control subjects (primary cohort). Contractile performance was also evaluated in 5 hypertensive LVH patients and 5 matched normal control subjects (magnetic resonance [MR] substudy).

Impact of hormone replacement on myocardial fatty acid metabolism: potential role of estrogen.

Background: Estrogen increases fatty acid utilization and oxidation and may decrease glucose use in human skeletal muscle, whereas these effects are attenuated by progesterone. Whether these ovarian hormones exhibit similar effects on myocardial metabolism is unknown.

Methods And Results: Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption, as well as glucose and fatty acid metabolism, were examined retrospectively by use of positron emission tomography in 24 postmenopausal women receiving estrogen (n = 7), estrogen plus progesterone (n = 8), or no hormone replacement (n = 9) and in 22 age-matched men.

Impact of aging on myocardial metabolic response to dobutamine.

In humans, under resting conditions there is an age-related decrease in myocardial fatty acid utilization (MFAU) and oxidation (MFAO) and a relative increase in myocardial glucose utilization (MGU). The impact of age on an individual's myocardial metabolic response to catecholamines is not well defined. Sixteen younger (mean age, 26 +/- 5 yr) and 14 older (mean age, 69 +/- 4 yr) volunteers underwent positron emission tomography to measure myocardial blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption (M.