Sonographic assessment of the optic nerve sheath diameter in the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Objective: Sonographic assessment of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is a useful technique in detecting raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in neurocritical care patients. Its utility in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is less known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ONSD for detecting IIH.

[Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. A rare cause of ischaemic stroke].

Introduction: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a rare inflammatory disease, generally of unknown aetiology, affecting the choriocapillaris, the pigment epithelium and the outer retina. It predominantly affects young patients and in some cases may involve the central nervous system in the form of strokes or meningoencephalitis. We report the clinical case of a young female with APMPPE that was complicated by stroke and intracranial hypertension.

Psoriasis during natalizumab treatment for multiple sclerosis.

Beta-interferon therapy is known to trigger psoriasis, but this effect has not been previously reported for other multiple sclerosis treatments, such as natalizumab. The following is a case report. A 31-year-old woman affected by psoriasis and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis suffered a severe worsening of psoriasis symptoms during natalizumab treatment and acquired a drug-resistant course.

[The use of oral lacosamide in a patient with refractory partial epileptic status].

Introduction: Generalised epileptic status is a medical emergency with a well-defined therapeutic algorithm. Nevertheless, in the partial status, treatment must be tailored to each patient and the risk of intensive treatment has to be assessed. Unlike generalised epileptic status, partial status is not considered a medical emergency, which means that when it comes to choosing a type of treatment the risk-benefit ratio must be carefully evaluated bearing in mind the characteristics of each particular case.

[Intracranial atherosclerosis].

Until recently, intracranial atheromatosis was a probably underdiagnosed clinicopathological entity that was rarely studied in depth. In the last years the advance and expansion in the use of non-invasive diagnostic tools have led intracranial atheromatosis to the front page among the most prevalent causes of stroke worldwide. Important efforts have been accomplished with the aim of identifying markers of poor outcome, which, besides the underlying mechanisms of cerebral ischemia in these patients, are the most important factors on which clinical and therapeutic decisions should be based.