Encapsulation of Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Spondias pinnata (L. F.) Kurz Aqueous Extracts in Nanoliposomes: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Screening of Antidiabetic Activity.

The present study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and determine the antidiabetic activity of Gmelina arborea and Spondias pinnata aqueous extract encapsulated nanoliposomes (GAE-NL and SAE-NL). GAE-NL and SAE-NL were synthesized using modified emulsification and ultrasonication. The average size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of GAE-NL and SAE-NL were 307±2 nm, 0.

Gelatine nanoparticles encapsulating three edible plant extracts as potential nanonutraceutical agents against type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To optimise, and characterise gelatine nanoparticles (GNPs) encapsulating plant extracts and evaluate the glucose-lowering potential.

Methods: GNPs encapsulating plant extracts were prepared by desolvation method followed by adsorption. The GNPs were characterised by loading efficiency, loading capacity, particle size, zeta potential, SEM and FTIR.

Herbal Extracts Encapsulated Nanoliposomes as Potential Glucose-lowering Agents: An in Vitro and in Vivo Approach Using Three Herbal Extracts.

Encapsulation of polyphenol-rich herbal extracts into nanoliposomes is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutic agents against type 2 diabetes mellitus. An attempt was made to encapsulate aqueous, ethanol, and aqueous ethanol (70% v/v) extracts of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb.

Nanoformulation of Plant-Based Natural Products for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Formulation Design to Therapeutic Applications.

Background: Herbal remedies are used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) as the sole treatment or as a complementary therapy. Limitations of herbal remedies, such as poor stability and limited absorption, impede their development as therapeutic agents, which could be overcome by nanoformulations.

Objectives: This review attempts to summarize the studies reported between 2009 and 2020 in the development of medicinal plant-based nanoformulations for the management of type 2 DM, discuss formulation methods, mechanisms of action, and identify gaps in the literature to conduct future research on nanoparticle-based herbal treatment options targeting type 2 DM.

Biochemical characterization of high fat diet fed and low dose streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rat model.

The development of a stable disease model with an adequate biochemical profile is crucial for the preclinical investigation of new antidiabetic agents. This study aimed at optimization and characterization of high fat diet (HFD) fed streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) Wistar rat model. Wistar rats fed with HFD for four weeks received STZ (30, 40, and 50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal).

Herbal Medicines Targeting the Improved -Cell Functions and -Cell Regeneration for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus.

There is an increasing trend of investigating natural bioactive compounds targeting pancreatic -cells for the prevention/treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). With the exploration of multiple mechanisms by which -cells involve in the pathogenesis of DM, herbal medicines are gaining attention due to their multitasking ability as evidenced by traditional medicine practices. This review attempts to summarize herbal medicines with the potential for improvement of -cell functions and regeneration as scientifically proven by investigations.

Antioxidant activity and cellular uptake of the hydroxamate-based fungal iron chelators pyridoxatin, desferriastechrome and desferricoprogen.

The hydroxamate class of compounds is well known for its pharmacological applications, especially in the context of chelation therapy. In this work we investigate the performance of the fungal hydroxamates pyridoxatin (PYR), desferriastechrome (DAC) and desferricoprogen (DCO) as mitigators of stress caused by iron overload (IO) both in buffered medium and in cells. Desferrioxamine (DFO), the gold standard for IO treatment, was used as comparison.

Waspergillamide A, a Nitro depsi-Tetrapeptide Diketopiperazine from an Australian Mud Dauber Wasp-Associated Aspergillus sp. (CMB-W031).

Chemical profiling of extracts from a mud dauber wasp-associated fungus, Aspergillus sp. (CMB-W031), revealed a remarkably diverse array of secondary metabolites, with many biosynthetic gene clusters being transcriptionally responsive to specific culture conditions. Chemical fractionation of a jasmine rice cultivation yielded many known fungal metabolites, including the highly cytotoxic (-)-stephacidin B and an unprecedented nonribosomal peptide synthase derived nitro depsi-tetrapeptide diketopiperazine, waspergillamide A (1).

Talarazines A-E: Noncytotoxic Iron(III) Chelators from an Australian Mud Dauber Wasp-Associated Fungus, Talaromyces sp. (CMB-W045).

Chemical analysis of an Australian mud dauber wasp-associated fungus, Talaromyces sp. (CMB-W045), yielded five new coprogen siderophores, talarazines A-E (1-5), together with dimerumic acid (6), desferricoprogen (7), and elutherazine B (8). Structures inclusive of absolute configuration were assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and application of the C Marfey's method.

Roseopurpurins: Chemical Diversity Enhanced by Convergent Biosynthesis and Forward and Reverse Michael Additions.

Cultures of the estuarine fungus Penicillium roseopurpureum (CMB-MF038) yielded a diverse array of polyketides, many of which were related via a highly convergent biosynthetic pathway. In addition to revising and assigning structures, and documenting chemical and biological properties, pro-drug cytotoxic properties were attributed to roseopurpurins H (10) and I (11) on the basis of in situ reverse Michael addition to a cytotoxic Michael acceptor (12).

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of fungal secondary metabolism.

We report on a preliminary investigation of the use the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall constituent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a natural chemical cue to stimulate and alter the expression of fungal secondary metabolism. Integrated high-throughput micro-cultivation and micro-analysis methods determined that 6 of 40 (15%) of fungi tested responded to an optimal exposure to LPS (0.6 ng/mL) by activating, enhancing or accelerating secondary metabolite production.