QCD challenges from pp to AA collisions: 4th edition.

This paper is a write-up of the ideas that were presented, developed and discussed at the fourth International Workshop on QCD Challenges from pp to AA, which took place in February 2023 in Padua, Italy. The goal of the workshop was to focus on some of the open questions in the field of high-energy heavy-ion physics and to stimulate the formulation of concrete suggestions for making progresses on both the experimental and theoretical sides. The paper gives a brief introduction to each topic and then summarizes the primary results.

EPPS16: nuclear parton distributions with LHC data.

We introduce a global analysis of collinearly factorized nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs) including, for the first time, data constraints from LHC proton-lead collisions. In comparison to our previous analysis, EPS09, where data only from charged-lepton-nucleus deep inelastic scattering (DIS), Drell-Yan (DY) dilepton production in proton-nucleus collisions and inclusive pion production in deuteron-nucleus collisions were the input, we now increase the variety of data constraints to cover also neutrino-nucleus DIS and low-mass DY production in pion-nucleus collisions. The new LHC data significantly extend the kinematic reach of the data constraints.

Comparison of classic and quantitative prognostic factors in colorectal cancer.

Despite the many pathologic and clinical variables shown to influence survival rates in patients with colorectal cancer, the prediction of outcome after curative resection is still not completely reliable. Dukes-classification has been historically the strongest prognostic indicator and the most frequently employed method. In this study our aim was to search for significant independent histological and morphometric factors that could possibly be used in predicting the outcome of different stages of colorectal cancer.