An exploration of primary care healthcare professionals' understanding of pain and pain management following a brief pain science education.

Background: Persistent pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide yet implementation of clinical guidelines that recommend a biopsychosocial approach remains a challenge in clinical practise. Limited pain understanding amongst clinicians may be partly responsible for this.

Purpose Of The Study: 1) Qualitatively explore the experience of receiving PSE, understanding of PSE and operationalisation of PSE-related principles in routine clinical practice.

Long-term improvements following a residential combined physical and psychological programme for chronic low back pain.

Objectives: Evaluate the outcomes and explore experiences of patients undergoing a residential combined physical and psychological programme (CPPP) for chronic low back pain.

Design: A longitudinal observational cohort design, with a parallel qualitative design using semistructured interviews.

Setting: Residential, multimodal rehabilitation.

Novel Agmatine Derivatives in With Bioactivity Against , a Cosmopolitan Storage Insect Pest.

Food security in developing countries is threatened by crop pests and ectoparasites in livestock. Strategies for their management still rely on synthetic pesticides which are not always effective and the active ingredients persist in the environment with negative consequences for beneficial arthropods, farmers and consumers, hence necessitating research on sustainable alternatives. Botanical insecticides are increasingly relevant, typically having lower impacts on users, consumers and the environment.

Nor-hopanes from Zanha africana root bark with toxicity to bruchid beetles.

Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell (Sapindaceae) root bark is used by farmers throughout sub-Saharan Africa to protect stored grain from bruchid beetles, such as Callosobruchus maculatus. Chloroform, methanol and water extracts of Z.

Can Coffee Chemical Compounds and Insecticidal Plants Be Harnessed for Control of Major Coffee Pests?

Pests and pathogens threaten coffee production worldwide and are difficult to control using conventional methods, such as insecticides. We review the literature on the chemistry of coffee, concentrating on compounds most commonly reported from Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Differences in chemistry can distinguish coffee species and varieties, and plants grown under different biogeographic conditions exhibit different chemotypes.

The scope for using the volatile profiles of Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis as indicators of susceptibility to pine tortoise scale and as predictors of environmental stresses.

Climate change, unseasonal fire and urbanization are contributing to the decline of Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis populations in the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI). Infestation of pines with the invasive pine tortoise scale (PTS, Toumeyella parvicornis) is accelerating this decline.

Dalnigrin, a neoflavonoid marker for the identification of Brazilian rosewood (Dalbergia nigra) in CITES enforcement.

International trade in Brazilian rosewood, Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth., is regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

The effects of insect extracts and some insect-derived compounds on the settling behavior of Liposcelis bostrychophila.

Extracts of whole booklice (Liposcelis bostrychophila)-sequentially extracted in hexane and aqueous 80% methanol (80%MeOH)-repel conspecifics. A methanol-soluble fraction (MFr) of the 80% methanol extract was more repellent than either its corresponding water fraction (WFr) or the hexane extract. The repellent effect of the MFr was repeatable across extracts prepared on different occasions over a 1 month period.

Effects of plant-derived compounds on larvae of a blow fly species that causes secondary myiases: laboratory studies.

No-choice and binary-choice bioassays were used to test the effect of a range of plant-derived insecticides on the behaviour of larvae of the black blow fly Phormia regina (Meigen). Azadirachtin (100 and 10 ppm), pyrethrum extract (10 ppm) and the naphthoquinone BTG 505 (1000 ppm) acted as deterrents for P. regina larvae.

Charge symmetry breaking in np-->dpi(0).

The forward-backward asymmetry in np-->dpi(0), which must be zero in the center-of-mass system if charge symmetry is respected, has been measured to be [17.2+/-8.0(stat)+/-5.

Phenolic compounds on the pod-surface of pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan, mediate feeding behavior of Helicoverpa armigera larvae.

A methanol extract of the pod surfaces of Cajanus cajan, a feeding stimulant for fifth-instar Helicoverpa armigera, was shown to contain four main phenolic compounds. Three of these were identified as isoquercitrin, quercetin, and quercetin-3-methyl ether, by comparing UV spectra and HPLC retention times with authentic standards. The fourth compound was isolated by semipreparative HPLC and determined to be 3-hydroxy-4-prenyl-5-methoxystilbene-2-carboxylic acid (stilbene) by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Evidence for quark-hadron duality in the proton spin asymmetry A1.

Spin-dependent lepton-nucleon scattering data have been used to investigate the validity of the concept of quark-hadron duality for the spin asymmetry A1. Longitudinally polarized positrons were scattered off a longitudinally polarized hydrogen target for values of Q2 between 1.2 and 12 GeV2 and values of W2 between 1 and 4 GeV2.

Toxicity and behavioural effects of diet-borne alkaloids on larvae of the black blowfly, Phormia regina.

Larvae of the black blowfly, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were exposed for 24 h to artificial diets that contained one of the following alkaloids: arecoline, caffeine, nicotine, quinine, sparteine or strychnine at either 1000 or 100 p.p.m.

Can larvae of the pod-borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), select between wild and cultivated pigeonpea Cajanus sp. (Fabaceae)?

Experiments were conducted to observe the feeding and food selection-behaviour of different instars of the pod-borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in response to choices between the cultivated and a wild species of Cajanus. First and second instars fed upon a cultivated variety of Cajanus cajan in preference to a wild species, C. scarabaeoides and on flowers of C.

Parity violation in proton-proton scattering at 221 MeV.

The parity-violating longitudinal analyzing power, A(z), has been measured in pvectorp elastic scattering at an incident proton energy of 221 MeV. The result obtained is A(z) = [0.84+/-0.

A new insecticidal pyranocyclohexenedione from kunzea ericifolia.

A new compound (1), named ericifolione, has been isolated from the hexane extract of the aerial parts of Kunzea ericifolia Rehb. (Myrtaceae) by bioassay-guided fractionation. It exhibits moderate insecticidal activity in comparison with natural pyrethrum extract.