[Antibiotic resistance of anaerobic bacteria (author's transl)].

Reference data on the overall resistance patterns of anaerobic bacteria are needed since in individual clinical cases susceptibility testing is complicated by the long generation time and difficulties of test conditions. Benzylpenicillin and tetracyclines are the drugs of choice against Clostridium perfringens. Newer cephalosporins are also active, whereas other Clostridium species have been found resistant.

Immunostimulation by systemic administration of Propionibacterium granulosum in patients with primary or secondary lung tumours.

The effect of a cell suspension of Propionibacterium granulosum strain KP-45 given intravenously to patients with advanced primary or secondary lung carcinoma, and simultaneously treated with cytostatic drugs, was estimated. The control group consisted of patients treated with cytostatics only. The clinical state of patients treated with the KP-45 preparation and with this immunostimulant plus cytostatics, was compared by evaluation of tumour size by X-ray examination, peripheral blood picture, and biochemical and immunological parameters.

Effect of whole-body hyperthermia on delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to oxazolone in mice.

A murine model of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity has been used to study an effect of microwave whole-body hyperthermia on the immune system. Marked suppression of immune responsiveness was observed in mice exposed to repeated sessions of hyperthermia. Cell proliferation in regional lymph nodes of mice sensitized with oxazolone was significantly impaired as measured by uptake of 125I-iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR).

Phage-typing of Klebsiella strains from Cologne and Wroclaw.

276 strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca were phage-typed. 126 of these strains were isolated from clinical sources in the Institute of Hygiene in Cologne and 150 came from Wrocław. The set of 19 phages used for phage-typing was chosen out of 46 Klebsiella specific bacteriophages.

Quantitative studies of the flora of the nasal vestibule in relation to nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus.

Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora and yeast flora of the nasal vestibule were studied quantitatively in eight persons who were persistent, transient or non-carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. The nasal flora of all the subjects consisted of lipophilic and non-lipophilic aerobic diphtheroids, propionibacteria and different staphylococcal species. Other micro-organisms, such as Pityrosporum and Candida, micrococci, streptococci and coliforms were found only occasionally.

Comparative study on the immunostimulatory potency of different Propionibacterium strains.

198 strains of Propionibacterium acnes, P. avidum, and P. granulosum were tested for their immunostimulatory potency using splenomegaly as index of stimulation, the activity differed widely from strain to strain.

Microbial colonization of prosthetic devices. III. Adhesion of staphylococci to lumina of intravenous catheters perfused with bacterial suspensions.

Intravenous catheters, artificially infected with staphylococci by perfusion experiments were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), to demonstrate the mode of adhesion. It seemed to be clear, that the first step of bacterial attachment was associated with the different irregularities of the inner surface of the catheter. With longer perfusion times and/or heavier inoculum cell adherence took place also in apparently smooth regions of the catheter lumen.

Microbial colonization of prosthetic devices. I. Microtopographical characteristics of intravenous catheters as detected by scanning electron microscopy.

Ten commercially available unused intravenous catheters were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Different types of irregularities in the external and internal surface could be detected in all catheters examined. Representative examples were demonstrated in 6 SEM-photos.

Postirradiation recovery of hemopoiesis in mice treated with Propionibacterium granulosum.

The effect of Propionibacterium granulosum on spontaneous regeneration of hemopoiesis in nonlethally (250 or 400 rads) irradiated mice was investigated and measured by peripheral blood leukocyte counts each 2 days after irradiation and incorporation of 3H-thymidine into spleen and thymus in vivo. P. granulosum injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 1.

Macrophage and T lymphocyte content of tumors in mice treated with Propionibacterium.

Macrophage and T lymphocyte content of sarcoma tumors in mice treated with Propionibacterium granulosum (PG) by different routes was investigated and compared with the effectiveness of the therapy. Two different methods for tumor macrophage detection, the Fc receptor analysis and phagocytic properties, were employed. Indirect fluorescent staining of theta-antigen on lymphocytes was used to evaluate the proportion of tumor T cells.

Microbial colonization of prosthetic devices. II. Scanning electron microscopy of naturally infected intravenous catheters.

Forty two nonselected naturally infected intravenous catheters were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and usual bacteriological methods. In many catheter samples an amorphous deposited substance could be detected by SEM investigation, mostly associated with the isolation of staphylococci, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The thickest layers of such a substance were found in catheters infected by coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Local immunotherapy of stomach and intestinal carcinoma by Propionibacterium granulosum.

The effect of cell suspension of Propionibacterium granulosum strain KP-45 injected intratumorally was estimated in patients with advanced malignant neoplastic disease of the upper and lower part of the digestive tract. These patients received no other anticancer treatment, and results of therapy with P. granulosum were compared with a control group of nontreated patients.

[Comparison of activity of fosfomycin, oxacillin and penicillin G against staphylococci and micrococci (author's transl)].

The in vitro sensitivity against fosfomycin, oxacillin and penicillin G was tested in 65 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 71 coagulase negative staphylococci and 46 micrococci. Fosfomycin was very effective against staphylococci. Cross resistance with simultaneously tested penicillins could not be demonstrated.

Prothrombin activation by a metalloprotease from Staphylococcus aureus.

Formation of thrombin during incubation of purified bovine prothrombin with purified staphylococcal metalloprotease has been investigated. Thrombin activity was estimated by examination of clotting time and by digestion of a synthetic substrate, Chromozym TH. The metalloprotease caused direct activation of prothrombin which was inhibited by the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

Susceptibility of Bacterium actinomycetem comitans to 45 antibiotics.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 45 antimicrobial agents were determined for 14 strains of Bacterium actinomycetem comitans (Actinobacillus actinomycetem-comitans). All the strains showed good susceptibility to tetracyclines and chloramphenicol, but not to lincomycins. Some strains were clearly resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins, and nitroimidazoles.

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid similarities in the classification of Rhodococcus and related taxa.

Duplexes were prepared between 14C-labelled rRNA from both Rhodococcus equi C7 and Rhodococcus rhodochrous N54 and DNA from 16 actinomycetes representing the genera Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Saccharopolyspora and Streptomyces. The relationships between the organisms were determined by plotting the temperature at which 50% of the duplex was denatured (Tm(e)) against the percentage of rRNA binding (microgram 14C-labelled rRNA duplexed per 100 micrograms filter-bound DNA). All of the strains formed stable duplexes but each organism occupied a definite area on the rRNA similarity map.

Effect of three strains of propionibacteria (P. granulosum, P. avidum, P. acnes) and cell-wall preparations on lymphocytes and macrophages.

The effect of the strains of Propionibacteria (P. granulosum, P. avidum, P.

Action of three species of Propionibacteria (P. granulosum, P. acnes, P. avidum) on experimental tumor systems in mice.

The antitumor activity of three different species of Propionibacteria (P. granulosum, P. avidum and P.

Polynucleotide sequence divergence among some coagulase-negative staphylococci.

The degree of binding was determined, at both exacting and non-exacting temperatures, between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) preparations from coagulase-negative staphylococci and carbon (14C) labelled DNA from nine reference strains, Staphylococcus capitis LK499, S. cohnii GH137, S. epidermidis GH37, S.

The correlation of susceptibility of different Propionibacterium strains to macrophage killing and antitumor activity.

The stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system and antitumor activity against sarcoma-L-1 of three different strains of Propionibacterium was investigated. The bacteria injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 1 mg per mouse appeared to possess different effectiveness in both assays used. The same strains were examined for their susceptibility to phagocytosis and intracellular killing by murine peritoneal macrophages.

The in vivo cytostatic effect induced by Propionibacterium granulosum on murine tumor cells.

The cytostatic action of Propionibacterium granulosum was studied in a mouse sarcoma in vivo. Kinetic analysis of tumor cells 28 days after tumor implantation and systemic immunotherapy showed that the cell cycle time was identical in both treated and untreated tumors. P.

Recovery of hemopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice after treatment with propionibacteria.

Three investigated strains of propionibacteria (P. acnes, P. granulosum and P.