Thirty-five years later: Long-term effects of the Matlab maternal and child health/family planning program on older women's well-being.

Family planning programs are believed to have substantial long-term benefits for women's health and well-being, yet few studies have established either extent or direction of long-term effects. The Matlab, Bangladesh, maternal and child health/family planning (MCH/FP) program afforded a 12-y period of well-documented differential access to services. We evaluate its impacts on women's lifetime fertility, adult health, and economic outcomes 35 y after program initiation.

Derandomizing Quantum Circuits with Measurement-Based Unitary Designs.

Entangled multipartite states are resources for universal quantum computation, but they can also give rise to ensembles of unitary transformations, a topic usually studied in the context of random quantum circuits. Using several graph state techniques, we show that these resources can "derandomize" circuit results by sampling the same kinds of ensembles quantum mechanically, analogously to a quantum random number generator. Furthermore, we find simple examples that give rise to new ensembles whose statistical moments exactly match those of the uniformly random distribution over all unitaries up to order t, while foregoing adaptive feedforward entirely.

Evaluation of the value of bone training (progressive bone loading) by using the Periotest: A clinical study.

Aim: The aim of this clinical study was to determine if progressive bone loading was effective in improving bone density and rigidity of implants.

Materials And Methods: 11 implants were placed with conventional loading and 14 implants were placed with progressive loading. The Periotest instrument was used to assess implant mobility.

Quantum data compression of a qubit ensemble.

Data compression is a ubiquitous aspect of modern information technology, and the advent of quantum information raises the question of what types of compression are feasible for quantum data, where it is especially relevant given the extreme difficulty involved in creating reliable quantum memories. We present a protocol in which an ensemble of quantum bits (qubits) can in principle be perfectly compressed into exponentially fewer qubits. We then experimentally implement our algorithm, compressing three photonic qubits into two.

Precision-guaranteed quantum tomography.

Quantum state tomography is currently the standard tool for verifying that a state prepared in the lab is close to an ideal target state, but up to now there have been no rigorous methods for evaluating the precision of the state preparation in tomographic experiments. We propose a new estimator for quantum state tomography, and prove that the (always physical) estimates will be close to the true prepared state with a high probability. We derive an explicit formula for evaluating how high the probability is for an arbitrary finite-dimensional system and explicitly give the one- and two-qubit cases as examples.

Nonresectional management of colorectal cancer: multidisciplinary factors that influence treatment strategy.

Aim: Surgical resection of a primary colorectal tumour remains the treatment of choice and offers the best chance of cure. However, in some patients, resection is not achieved. There are few published data on this group of patients.

Entanglement cost of implementing controlled-unitary operations.

We investigate the minimum entanglement cost of the deterministic implementation of two-qubit controlled-unitary operations using local operations and classical communication (LOCC). We show that any such operation can be implemented by a three-turn LOCC protocol, which requires at least 1 ebit of entanglement when the resource is given by a bipartite entangled state with Schmidt number 2. Our result implies that there is a gap between the minimum entanglement cost and the entangling power of controlled-unitary operations.

Preparation for the next major incident: are we ready?

Background: In 1996, Carley and Mackway-Jones examined British hospital's readiness for a major incident. In the light of recent terrorist events in London, our group has re-visited the issue and conducted a telephone survey of relevant parties to investigate whether the situation has changed almost 10 years on.

Materials And Methods: A proforma was devised, and registrars in anaesthesia, accident and emergency medicine, general surgery and trauma and orthopaedics were telephoned in trauma units across the UK and questioned about their readiness to respond to a major incident.

Funding in higher education: where does nursing fit?

Resource allocation systems for higher education including funding formulas vary greatly with most models grounded in the traditional Arts and Sciences, that is, campus-based, large-classroom instruction. The implications for nursing, a clinical discipline, are monumental. Funding models in general use do not account for the requirements of nursing education related to clinical learning (vulnerable patients, liability, large number of contact hours in clinical laboratories).

Scaling properties and asymptotic spectra of finite models of phase transitions as they approach macroscopic limits.

The asymptotic spectra and scaling properties of a mixed-symmetry Hamiltonian, which exhibits a second-order phase transition in its macroscopic limit, are examined for a system of N interacting bosons. A second interacting boson-model Hamiltonian, which exhibits a first-order phase transition, is also considered. The latter shows many parallel characteristics and some notable differences, leaving it open to question as to the nature of its asymptotic critical-point properties.

Atomic force microscopy analysis of wool fibre surfaces in air and under water.

Wool fibre surfaces have been treated by solvent cleaning which leaves the native covalently bound surface lipid layer intact, and by alcoholic alkali which removes the lipid layer. The resultant surfaces have been analysed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), with particular emphasis on force-distance (F-d) methods. Methodologies were developed for investigation in situ in water of both the surface topography and the characteristics of the lipid layer.

The effect of an intervention programme on interactions on a continuing care ward for older people.

This study describes a project designed to enhance the quality of life of older people on a continuing care ward. The aim of the interventions used was to increase staff/resident interaction levels. The programme interventions focused on staff education and extra ward activities.

A clinical study of "dry socket".

A total of 1274 extractions carried out by the author resulted in a dry socket incidence of 2.6%. There was no sex predilection in the occurrence of dry socket.