[Treatment of the patient with castration-resistant biochemical progression of prostate cancer].

Castration resistant prostatic carcinoma (CRPC) is defined as tumor progression despite an effective castration (serum testosterone levels < 50 ng/dL). Biochemical progression requires at least two successive increases from the previous lowest value of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) spaced at least a week, and with a minimum value of 2 ng/mL. In patients receiving complete androgen blockade, antiandrogen should be discontinued prior to diagnosis of CRPC.

The utilitarian core hypothesis: cases for testing the stability of languages in the wake of conquest.

Based on the "utilitarian core hypothesis" that the most common words of a language develop early and resist change, the current exploratory study examined three test cases to suggest what happens to the common core of a language when its speakers are conquered. Whissell (1998) raised this issue by implication through demonstrating that the common core of English is largely Anglo-Saxon and thus survived the Norman Conquest. The notion that unique merits of English accounted for its success has a long history dating at least to Verstegan (1605/1976).