Liver disease-linked metabolic and behavioral factors associated with cognitive performance in an observational study of community dwelling adults.

Modifiable risk factors associated with cognitive functioning are important for identifying potential targets for intervention development. Although there are a few recognized modifiable risk factors (e.g.

Translation of dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging onto a magnetic resonance-guided linear accelerator in patients with head and neck cancer.

Background And Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging - linear accelerator (MRI-linac) systems permit imaging of tumours to guide treatment. Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI allows investigation of tumour perfusion. We assessed the feasibility of performing DCE-MRI on a 1.

Cavoatrial Bypass for Cardiac Complications From Rosai-Dorfman Disease.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a nonmalignant disease of histiocyte proliferation. RDD usually presents with painless cervical lymphadenopathy, although extranodal involvement can occur. Cardiac involvement was reported in <0.

Parallel Temperature Replica-Exchange Molecular Dynamics Simulations Capture the Observed Impact of Stapling on Coiled-Coil Conformational Stability.

Macrocyclization or stapling is an important strategy for increasing the conformational stability and target-binding affinity of peptides and proteins, especially in therapeutic contexts. Atomistic simulations of such stapled peptides and proteins could help rationalize existing experimental data and provide predictive tools for the design of new stapled peptides and proteins. Standard approaches exist for incorporating nonstandard amino acids and functional groups into the force fields required for MD simulations and have been used in the context of stapling for more than a decade.

Updated Appropriate Use Criteria for Amyloid and Tau PET: A Report from the Alzheimer's Association and Society for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Workgroup.

The Alzheimer's Association and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging convened a multidisciplinary workgroup to update appropriate use criteria (AUC) for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and to develop AUC for tau PET. The workgroup identified key research questions that guided a systematic literature review on clinical amyloid/tau PET. Building on this review, the workgroup developed 17 clinical scenarios in which amyloid or tau PET may be considered.

Updated appropriate use criteria for amyloid and tau PET: A report from the Alzheimer's Association and Society for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Workgroup.

Introduction: The Alzheimer's Association and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging convened a multidisciplinary workgroup to update appropriate use criteria (AUC) for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and to develop AUC for tau PET.

Methods: The workgroup identified key research questions that guided a systematic literature review on clinical amyloid/tau PET. Building on this review, the workgroup developed 17 clinical scenarios in which amyloid or tau PET may be considered.

The global implications of a Russian gas pivot to Asia.

Recent years have seen unprecedented shifts in global natural gas trade, precipitated in large part by Russia's war on Ukraine. How this regional conflict impacts the future of natural gas markets is subject to three interconnected factors: (i) Russia's strategy to regain markets for its gas exports; (ii) Europe's push towards increased liquified natural gas (LNG) and the pace of its low carbon transition; and (iii) China's gas demand and how it balances its climate and energy security objectives. A scenario modelling approach is applied to explore the potential implications of this geopolitical crisis.

Abscopal Effect in a Patient With Metastatic Melanoma Receiving Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy and Dual Immune Checkpoint Inhibition: A Case Report.

Concurrent with the increasing utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in melanoma, there has been renewed interest in understanding the potential interplay between radiation therapy (RT) and the immune system. One such phenomenon is the abscopal effect, where localized treatments, such as RT, not only shrink the targeted tumor but also induce shrinkage of untreated tumors elsewhere in the body. Here, we report a case of an abscopal effect in a 63-year-old patient with metastatic melanoma who was progressing on first-line dual ICI therapy but experienced a rapid and durable systemic response following the administration of hypofractionated palliative RT to a large primary melanoma skin tumor.

Ubiquitin-mediated recruitment of the ATG9A-ATG2 lipid transfer complex drives clearance of phosphorylated p62 aggregates.

Autophagy is an essential cellular recycling process that maintains protein and organelle homeostasis. ATG9A vesicle recruitment is a critical early step in autophagy to initiate autophagosome biogenesis. The mechanisms of ATG9A vesicle recruitment are best understood in the context of starvation-induced non-selective autophagy, whereas less is known about the signals driving ATG9A vesicle recruitment to autophagy initiation sites in the absence of nutrient stress.

Primary Care Screening for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among People With HIV in the United States: A Real-World Provider Survey.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) and increases the risk of hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We sent an online survey to providers of the American Academy of HIV Medicine. Of respondents (n = 214, 8% response rate), 65% reported screening for NAFLD in PWH, with 28% routinely screening all patients.

The Christie score for post-treatment response assessment PET/CT in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a safe and simple scoring system.

Background: Radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy is a standard of care treatment for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Upon completion, patients are referred for a post-treatment F-FDG PET/CT (Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography) scan to help guide ongoing management by assessing for the presence or absence of residual or recurrent disease and differentiating this from post-treatment inflammation. To improve objective reporting of response, we developed the Christie score.

The effect of time from surgery to commencing adjuvant radiotherapy for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Studies reported inferior outcomes when radiotherapy starts >6-8 weeks post-surgery for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) but are limited due to time variable dichotomization. We assessed the relationship between survival and the time between surgery and radiotherapy as a continuous variable, hypothesising there would be no change in patients' survival at 6-8 weeks post-surgery.

Methods/materials: Inclusion criteria: patients with HNSCC who underwent surgery and adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy, Jan 2014-Dec 2020.

Trends and Disparities in Non-fatal Firearm Injuries among Working-Age Adults in the United States, 2000-2021.

Firearm-related injuries remain a significant public health issue in the United States, with patterns and trends among various age groups not well characterized. This study analyzed time series trends and disparities in firearm injury rates among U.S.

Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome.

Editorial Note: Editorial note (19 December 2024): Larun L, Brurberg KG, Odgaard‐Jensen J, Price JR. Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 10.

Primary Hypoalphalipoproteinemia With Significant Premature Atherosclerosis.

Primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia is typically caused by genetic disorders and is characterized by low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Low HDL-C has been proposed to confer an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; however, a causal relationship has not been determined. We describe the case of an otherwise healthy and asymptomatic 37-year-old woman with severely low HDL-C who was found to have significant coronary artery disease in whom genetic testing supported a diagnosis of Tangier disease.

The striatum is an early, accurate indicator of amyloid burden using [C]PiB in Down syndrome: comparison of two radiotracers.

Introduction: Adults with Down syndrome demonstrate striatum-first amyloid accumulation with [C]PiB PET imaging, which has not been replicated with [F]florbetapir (FBP). Early striatal accumulation has not been temporally quantified with respect to global cortical measures.

Methods: Longitudinal PiB (n=175 participants) and FBP (n=92 participants) data from the Alzheimer Biomarkers Consortium-Down Syndrome were used to measure cortical and striatal binding.

Quantitative and Kinetic Proteomics Reveal ApoE Isoform-dependent Proteostasis Adaptations in Mouse Brain.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphisms modify the risk of Alzheimer's disease with ApoE4 strongly increasing and ApoE2 modestly decreasing risk relative to the control ApoE3. To investigate how ApoE isoforms alter risk, we measured changes in proteome homeostasis in transgenic mice expressing a human ApoE gene (isoform 2, 3, or 4). The regulation of each protein's homeostasis is observed by measuring turnover rate and abundance for that protein.

Continuous collective analysis of chemical reactions.

The automated synthesis of small organic molecules from modular building blocks has the potential to transform our capacity to create medicines and materials. Disruptive acceleration of this molecule-building strategy broadly unlocks its functional potential and requires the integration of many new assembly chemistries. Although recent advances in high-throughput chemistry can speed up the development of appropriate synthetic methods, for example, in selecting appropriate chemical reaction conditions from the vast range of potential options, equivalent high-throughput analytical methods are needed.

HepB-CpG vs HepB-Alum Vaccine in People With HIV and Prior Vaccine Nonresponse: The BEe-HIVe Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccine is common among people with HIV, resulting in vulnerability to infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Objective: To compare the seroprotection response achieved with a 2-dose (noninferiority, 10% margin) and a 3-dose hepatitis B vaccine with a cytosine phosphoguanine adjuvant (HepB-CpG vaccine) vs a conventional 3-dose hepatitis B vaccine with an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (HepB-alum vaccine) in people with HIV and prior nonresponse to HepB-alum vaccine.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This phase 3, open-label, randomized clinical trial included people with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (CD4 cell count ≥100 cells/μL and HIV RNA <1000 copies/mL) without past or present serological evidence of having HBV or a response to hepatitis B vaccine.