Zonal distribution of alveolar macrophages, type II pneumonocytes, and alveolar septal connective tissue gaps in adult human lungs.

The distribution of alveolar macrophages, Type II cells, and alveolar septal connective tissue discontinuities or gaps in two neighboring alveoli from a human lung obtained at surgery, and preserved by vascular perfusion-fixation, was studied by electron microscopy. Discontinuities or gaps are defined as complete interruptions of all the connective tissue elements of the alveolar septum, including the basement membranes. Serial-sectioning of the alveoli, and the creation of montages of the entire circumference of each alveolus at intervals of every twentieth section (approximately 1.

Facial electromyography in depression. Subgroup differences.

To study whether facial electromyographic (EMG) activity during affective imagery differed between normal subjects and depressive subtypes, we evaluated EMG responses in 29 normal controls, 37 endogenously depressed patients, and 26 nonendogenously depressed patients. Different imagery states produced more distinctive EMG patterns in normal controls than in depressed patients. Patients with endogenous depression had EMG levels that differentiated them from normal subjects and had significantly greater absolute values than the nonendogenous group in corrugator happy and corrugator sad imagery trials.

Detection of hepatic encephalopathy.

The most sensitive index of hepatic encephalopathy in 29 patients following a porta-caval shunt appeared to be the assessment of a close relative who had known the patient pre-operatively. They noticed that 19 of the 20 patients were mentally slower; 11 were markedly aggressive and 8 had become placid and uncaring about family problems. Only 9 of these patients had clinical encephalopathy as judged by two independent observers, 14 had a prolonged trail test and 8 produced an abnormal five-pointed star.

Magnetic resonance imaging and placenta previa.

Twenty-five women with diagnoses of placenta previa on ultrasound examination underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination. An assessment of placental position and the relationship of the lower placental edge to the internal os was made with both techniques and the results were compared. There was complete correlation of placental localization but significant differences were found in the determination of the degree of placenta previa.

Intraarterial digital subtraction arteriographic evaluation of extremity tumors: comparison with conventional arteriography.

Conventional arteriography and intraarterial digital subtraction arteriography (IADSA) were compared in 36 patients with primary bone or soft-tissue tumors of the extremities. The sensitivity of IADSA was at least equal to conventional arteriography for demonstrating normal or abnormal major arteries and feeding arteries, equal to or superior for depicting tumor stains or draining veins, but slightly inferior for revealing minute tumor vessels. An increase of the matrix size from 256 X 256 to 512 X 512 improved these sensitivities.

Radiologic manifestations of delayed radiation necrosis of the brain.

One of the most effective treatment modalities for tumors of the head and neck has been radiation therapy. In a small number of cases, delayed radiation necrosis of the brain is a dreaded and devastating complication of radiation therapy. The imaging studies (radionuclide brain scan, cerebral angiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) in 12 cases of histologically proven, delayed radiation necrosis of the brain are analysed.

Genome size variation among north american minnows (Cyprinidae). I. Distribution of the variation in five species.

Genome sizes (nuclear DNA contents) were examined spectrophotometrically from ten individuals of each of five species of North American cyprinid fishes (minnows). The distributions of DNA values both within and between the five species were essentially continuous and normal. Differences between individuals within populations were significant and contributed to approximately 16 per cent of the total variation.

Agitation-increased electromyogram activity in the corrugator muscle region: a possible explanation of the "Omega sign"?

The corrugator muscle region of the forehead has special significance in producing facial expressions associated with depression. Darwin observed in 1872 that contractions in the corrugator region produce peculiarly formed wrinkles on the forehead, referred to as "Omega Melancholium." In the present study, results from 61 right-handed, drug-free women with major depressive disorder showed a significant positive correlation between facial corrugator EMG values and psychomotor agitation.

The computed tomographic findings in benign diseases of the vertebral column.

Computed tomography (CT) has revolutionized the diagnosis of diseases affecting the vertebral column. CT effectively demonstrates the bony vertebral column with its intervertebral articulations, its soft tissue contents, and the surrounding paravertebral soft tissues. The vertebral column may be the site of involvement of a wide variety of benign diseases.

Facial EMG activity levels predict treatment outcome in depression.

Higher electromyographic (EMG) activity levels of corrugator and zygomatic face muscles have been reported to be pretreatment predictors of better clinical outcome in depressed patients. We tested this possibility in 29 drug-free, rigorously diagnosed subjects by measuring low-level EMG activity of corrugator and zygomatic muscles during resting and three imagery states (happy, typical day, sad). All patients had major depressive disorder, endogenous subtype.

An on-line digital image management system.

The continuing increase in diagnostic examinations using digitally formatted image instrumentation imposes new requirements on the acquisition, display, transmission, recording, and archiving of all diagnostic data. The fabrication decisions and initial clinical testing of a prototype on-line, decentralized digital image management system are described. With this system, raw digital data can be viewed by multiple users as soon as it is acquired by an acquisition node and transmitted to a display node.

The falklands: rate of British psychiatric combat casualties compared to recent American wars.

This paper examines factors leading to the low rate of combat psychiatric casualties in the British recapture of the Falklands compared to the American experience in North Africa, Italy, Europe and South Pacific theatres during World War II, the Korean Conflict and Vietnam. The factors compared are those thought to affect rates seen in these past wars. The factors highlighted are psychiatric screening of evacuees, presence of psychiatric personnel in line units, intensity of combat and use of elite units.

Ultrasound in the localisation of bladder tumours for radiotherapy treatment planning.

Radiation treatment fields have been established in 40 patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder using a technique based on B-scan measurements of tumour dimensions and position. Three-dimensional data were obtained using omnidirectional calipers and the in-built measuring system of the scanner gantry, and by measurement from the recorded images. All measurements of the tumour dimensions and co-ordinates of the tumour centre were related to a fixed patient reference point.

Diagnosis of post-traumatic syringohydromyelia presenting as neuropathic joints. Report of two cases and review of the literature.

Two paraplegic men with post-traumatic syringohydromyelia presented initially with neuropathic arthropathy of the elbow and shoulder, respectively. Both patients had sustained spinal trauma years earlier and had been lost to orthopedic and neurosurgical follow-up study. Characteristic history and physical findings were present in both patients.

Design and demonstration of a quality assurance program for labor-intensive analytical systems.

An interlaboratory quality assurance program was designed and implemented for the analysis of serum for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs). The two primary means of quality control were analysis of known and blind quality control samples and analysis of blind duplicate serum samples.

Primary tumors of the facial nerve: diagnosis and management.

Benign primary tumors of the facial nerve are frequently misdiagnosed because of variable and subtle clinical manifestations. Three such cases of facial nerve neuroma seen in the past 3 years will be presented. Difficulties in patient assessment including the lack of specificity for topographic testing, as well as the capricious behavior of the facial nerve in these patients will be discussed.