Development of a data classification system for preterm birth cohort studies: the RECAP Preterm project.

Background: The small sample sizes available within many very preterm (VPT) longitudinal birth cohort studies mean that it is often necessary to combine and harmonise data from individual studies to increase statistical power, especially for studying rare outcomes. Curating and mapping data is a vital first step in the process of data harmonisation. To facilitate data mapping and harmonisation across VPT birth cohort studies, we developed a custom classification system as part of the Research on European Children and Adults born Preterm (RECAP Preterm) project in order to increase the scope and generalisability of research and the evaluation of outcomes across the lifespan for individuals born VPT.

Development, implementation and evaluation of an evidence-based paediatric early warning system improvement programme: the PUMA mixed methods study.

Background: Paediatric mortality rates in the United Kingdom are amongst the highest in Europe. Clinically missed deterioration is a contributory factor. Evidence to support any single intervention to address this problem is limited, but a cumulative body of research highlights the need for a systems approach.

Change in posttraumatic stress disorder-related thoughts during treatment: Do thoughts drive change when pills are involved?

Posttraumatic negative thoughts about one's self and the world are related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity and change in cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT), but little is known about this association when CBT is delivered with medication. The current study presents a planned comparison of changes in negative posttraumatic thoughts during (a) prolonged exposure (PE) plus pill placebo (PE+PLB), (b) sertraline plus enhanced medication management (SERT+EMM), and (c) PE plus sertraline (PE+SERT) as part of a randomized clinical trial in a sample of 176 veterans. Lagged regression modeling revealed that change in posttraumatic negative thoughts was associated with PTSD symptom change in the conditions in which participants received sertraline, ds = 0.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone attenuated benzyl butyl phthalate induced metabolic aberration and a hepatic metabolomic analysis.

Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) has recently been implicated as an obesogen. Our recent study demonstrated that BBP can exacerbate high fat diet (HFD) induced diabesity in male mice. Here, we explored if pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a natural antioxidant andphytochemical, can attenuate metabolic aberrations induced by HFD or HFD-BBPcombination.

Comparative Analysis of Sugar Metabolites and Their Transporters in Sugarcane Following (SCMV) Infection.

(SCMV) is one of the major pathogens of sugarcane. SCMV infection causes dynamic changes in plant cells, including decreased photosynthetic rate, respiration, and sugar metabolism. To understand the basics of pathogenicity mechanism, we performed transcriptome and proteomics analysis in two sugarcane genotypes (Badila: susceptible to SCMV and B-48: SCMV resistant).

Disruption of the TCA cycle reveals an ATF4-dependent integration of redox and amino acid metabolism.

The Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle is arguably the most critical metabolic cycle in physiology and exists as an essential interface coordinating cellular metabolism, bioenergetics, and redox homeostasis. Despite decades of research, a comprehensive investigation into the consequences of TCA cycle dysfunction remains elusive. Here, we targeted two TCA cycle enzymes, fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and combined metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics analyses to fully appraise the consequences of TCA cycle inhibition (TCAi) in murine kidney epithelial cells.

Kinetic and Computational Analysis of CO Substitution in a Dinuclear Osmium Carbonyl Complex: Intersection between Dissociative and Dissociative-Interchange Mechanisms.

The mechanism for the CO substitution reaction involving the diosmium carbonyl sawhorse complex Os(μ-OCH)(CO), which contains an Os-Os single bond, two axial CO ligands, and four equatorial CO ligands, was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Kinetic measurements show CO axial substitution proceeding by a dissociative reaction that is first-order in the complex and zero-order in CO but with an unexpectedly negative entropy of activation. The corresponding electronic structure calculations yield an enthalpy of activation for axial CO dissociation that is much larger than that determined by the kinetic experiments, but in agreement with the complex's stability with respect to CO loss.

Virulence, immunogenicity and live vaccine potential of aroA and phoP mutants of Edwardsiella piscicida in zebrafish.

Vaccination remains the most effective approach for prevention and control of infectious diseases in aquaculture. Edwardsiella piscicida is a causative agent of edwardsiellosis leading to mass mortality in a variety of fish species, leading to huge economic losses in the aquaculture industry. In this study, we have deleted the aroA and phoP genes in E.

How to translate the knowledge of COVID-19 into the prevention of Omicron variants.

Omicron variants are part of the "Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] Variants of Concerns" and has the potential to spread around the world rapidly and can harm human life. We can anticipate that the endemic state of COVID-19 will be characterized by the development of new strains with surges that will predominate in unvaccinated and immunodeficient populations. Thus, there will be an important role in promoting vaccinations, boosters and accessible testing to prevent disease transmission and to rapidly detect surges.

Can single cell RNA sequencing reshape the clinical biochemistry of hematology: New clusters of circulating blood cells.

scRNA-seq is on track for use as a routine measurement of clinical biochemistry and to assist in clinical decision-making and guide the performance of molecular medicine, but there are still a large number of challenges to be overcome. In conclusion, scRNA-seq-based clusters and differentiation of circulating blood cells have been examined and informative in patients with various diseases, although the information generated from scRNA-seq varies between different conditions, technologies, and diseases. Most of the clinical studies published have focused on the landscape of circulating immune cells, disease-specific patterns of new clusters, understanding of potential mechanisms, and potential correlation between cell clusters, differentiations, cell interactions, and circulating and migrated cells.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Deployed Personnel in a Joint Environment.

Introduction: In the United States, vaccine hesitancy has been identified as a major barrier to vaccination against COVID-19, but attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination among military personnel are not well understood. We evaluated the prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 vaccine consent or refusal among deployed personnel in a joint environment.

Materials And Methods: Deidentified data were retrospectively extracted from the electronic medical record of the Military Health System in May 2021.

Late Trypsin Biosynthesis Is Translationally Regulated by Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor.

Trypsin is a serine protease that is synthesized by the gut epithelial cells of female mosquitoes; it is the enzyme that digests the blood meal. To study its molecular regulation, late trypsin was purified by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE), affinity, and C reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) steps, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined for molecular cloning. Five overlapping segments of the late trypsin cDNA were amplified by PCR, cloned, and the full sequence (855 bp) was characterized.

Low-Voltage Bacterial and Viral Killing Using Laser-Induced Graphene-Coated Non-woven Air Filters.

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is uniquely positioned to advance applications in which electrically conductive carbon coatings are required. Recently, the antifouling, antiviral, and antibacterial properties of LIG have been proven in both air and water filtration applications. For example, an unsupported LIG based filter (pore size: ∼0.

International survey of training load monitoring practices in competitive swimming: How, what and why not?

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the training load (TL) monitoring practices employed in real-world competitive swimming environments. The study explores data collection, analysis and barriers to TL monitoring.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Virtual Externship Programs Can Serve as a Viable Alternative to In-Person Externship Experiences in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe a model for a virtual externship program in oral-maxillofacial surgery (OMS); to quantify the value of a virtual externship in increasing understanding of the program structure, scope, and commitment to diversity; and to offer qualitative feedback on structural components.

Methods: A retrospective study was completed comparing dental student perceptions of an OMS program and the virtual externship experience prior to and following an OMS residency virtual externship event. An electronic survey was distributed to registrants and included 25 questions: 5 related to demographics, 17 ascertaining understanding of various components of the residency and perception of virtual externships, and 3 text-based response queries.

Balancing of mitochondrial translation through METTL8-mediated mC modification of mitochondrial tRNAs.

Mitochondria contain a specific translation machinery for the synthesis of mitochondria-encoded respiratory chain components. Mitochondrial tRNAs (mt-tRNAs) are also generated from the mitochondrial DNA and, similar to their cytoplasmic counterparts, are post-transcriptionally modified. Here, we find that the RNA methyltransferase METTL8 is a mitochondrial protein that facilitates 3-methyl-cytidine (mC) methylation at position C of the mt-tRNA and mt-tRNA.

Comprehensive well-being scale: development and validation among Chinese in recovery of mental illness in Hong Kong.

Background: Given the absence of a brief scale that reconciles and encompasses different conceptual definitions of well-being (physical, psychological, social and spiritual), the present research aimed at developing and validating a Comprehensive Well-Being Scale (CWBS) that encompasses these different conceptual definition and extend the definition of well-being to transcendental well-being among individuals in recovery of mental illness. The present research focuses on testing the scale among people in recovery of mental illness so that a brief and theoretically comprehensive scale would be available for mental health organization to evaluate the well-being of service users, and to develop and evaluate well-being related services.

Methods: A 56-item preliminary well-being scale was developed by a professional panel.

Changes in the Management of Patients having Radical Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK.

Aims: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, guidelines on reduced fractionation for patients treated with curative-intent radiotherapy were published, aimed at reducing the number of hospital attendances and potential exposure of vulnerable patients to minimise the risk of COVID-19 infection. We describe the changes that took place in the management of patients with stage I-III lung cancer from April to October 2020.

Materials And Methods: Lung Radiotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic (COVID-RT Lung) is a prospective multicentre UK cohort study.

Parent-reported measure of repetitive behavior in Phelan-McDermid syndrome.

Background: Phelan McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a neurogenetic condition associated with a high prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study provides a more comprehensive and quantitative profile of repetitive behaviors within the context of ID seen with the condition.

Methods: Individuals age 3-21 years with a confirmed PMS diagnosis participated in a multicenter observational study evaluating the phenotype and natural history of the disorder.

Amoxicillin duration and dose for community-acquired pneumonia in children: the CAP-IT factorial non-inferiority RCT.

Background: Data are limited regarding the optimal dose and duration of amoxicillin treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in children.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy, safety and impact on antimicrobial resistance of shorter (3-day) and longer (7-day) treatment with amoxicillin at both a lower and a higher dose at hospital discharge in children with uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia.

Design: A multicentre randomised double-blind 2 × 2 factorial non-inferiority trial in secondary care in the UK and Ireland.

Effect of Amoxicillin Dose and Treatment Duration on the Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The CAP-IT Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The optimal dose and duration of oral amoxicillin for children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are unclear.

Objective: To determine whether lower-dose amoxicillin is noninferior to higher dose and whether 3-day treatment is noninferior to 7 days.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Multicenter, randomized, 2 × 2 factorial noninferiority trial enrolling 824 children, aged 6 months and older, with clinically diagnosed CAP, treated with amoxicillin on discharge from emergency departments and inpatient wards of 28 hospitals in the UK and 1 in Ireland between February 2017 and April 2019, with last trial visit on May 21, 2019.

Priorities for child health research across the UK and Ireland.

Background: The General and Adolescent Paediatric Research Network in the UK and Ireland (GAPRUKI) was established in 2016. The aims of GAPRUKI are to unite general paediatricians around the UK and Ireland, to develop research ideas and protocols, and facilitate delivery of multicentre research.

Objectives: To undertake a research prioritisation exercise among UK and Ireland general paediatricians.