Pupils' Attitudes toward Inclusive Education.

The presented research is a study of the attitudes of adolescents toward individuals with disabilities and a description of the level of knowledge about this issue among a selected group of adolescents. The study is focused on the school social environment, specifically on pupils without disabilities and their attitudes toward pupils with disabilities, which is one of the factors influencing their school success. The target group was 1806 pupils between the ages of 11 and 16 from the entire Czech Republic, approached by random selection.

The Difference in the Creativity of People Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing and Those with Typical Hearing: A Scoping Review.

The scoping review aimed to describe differences in creativity between deaf and hard of hearing and typically hearing people. The research question for the review was: what are the differences in the creativity of deaf and hard-of-hearing people in comparison with people with typical hearing? A total of eleven databases were used for the search, as well as sources of the unpublished studies/gray literature. The scoping review was prepared following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA frame as a basis for reporting scoping reviews.

PROTOCOL: Instruments for the evaluation of emotional intelligence in persons with hearing impairments: A scoping review.

Objective: This scoping review aims to identify and describe the instruments used to evaluate emotional intelligence in deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) persons.

Introduction: Emotional intelligence is a person's ability to work with emotions in response to a particular situation. Deafness or a hard of hearing has a negative effect on functioning in the field of emotional intelligence and leads to a specific approach to the diagnosis or evaluation of emotional intelligence.

Basal Stimulation as Developmental Support in At-Risk Newborns: A Literature Review.

Background: The aim of this review of the literature was to find and summarize relevant research evidence available within the scientific sources and gray literature in accordance with the JBI recommendations. Search question: What effect does Basal Stimulation have on the cognitive-behavioral functions or temperament of a preterm or disabled infant?

Methods: The following sources were searched: PSYCINFO, MEDLINE, PsycArticles, ERIC, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest Scopus, WOS, JSTOR, Google Scholar, and MedNar. The study contains an analysis of texts that have been published in the English, Czech, and German languages.

Temperament and School Readiness - A Literature Review.

This review study was conducted to describe how temperament is related to school readiness. The basic research question was whether there is any relationship between later school success and temperament in children and, if so, what characterizes it. A systematic search of databases and journals identified 27 papers that met the two criteria: temperament and school readiness.

The effects of reading mode and braille reading patterns on braille reading speed and comprehension: A study of students with visual impairments in China.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of reading mode (oral and silent reading) and braille reading patterns (one-handed pattern, mark pattern, parallel pattern, cooperative pattern) on the reading speed and comprehension of students with visual impairments in China. Seventy-three students with visual impairments aged 10-19 years participated in the study; 48 were students with congenital visual impairments and 25 were students with adventitious visual impairments. The participants' braille reading performance was assessed by the Chinese Reading Comprehension Test.

Children who are deaf or hard of hearing in inclusive educational settings: a literature review on interactions with peers.

This review is conducted to describe how children who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) interact with hearing peers in inclusive settings, illustrate the difficulties and challenges faced by them in interacting with peers, and identify effective interventions that promote their social interaction in inclusive education. A systematic search of databases and journals identified 21 papers that met the inclusion criteria. Two broad themes emerged from an analysis of the literatures, which included processes and outcomes of interactions with peers and intervention programs.

Postoperative intraperitoneal 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine added to chemoradiation in patients curatively resected (R0) for locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Chemoradiation after surgery for locally advanced gastric cancer improves overall and relapse-free survival compared with observation. However, locoregional recurrences remain high. Accordingly, we instituted this pilot/feasibility study, including intraperitoneal 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (IP FUDR) as part of the treatment.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma: a phase II study.

A phase II trial, using neoadjuvant chemotherapy and intraperitoneal (IP) consolidation, was conducted in patients with locally advanced, potentially resectable gastric cancer or cancer of the gastroesophageal junction, both staged as T3N0, T4N0, or any TN1 or TN2 disease. Preoperative chemotherapy consisted of two cycles of irinotecan 75 mg/m(2) with cisplatin 25 mg/m(2)/week for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week break. Unless disease progression was encountered, surgery was performed and followed by two courses of adjuvant therapy with IP floxuridine 3 g x 3 days plus IP cisplatin 60 mg/m(2) on day 3.

Complications of gastrectomy following CPT-11-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

Potential benefits of neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced gastric cancer include tumor downstaging and an increased R0 resection rate. Potential disadvantages include increased surgical complications. This study assesses postoperative morbidity and mortality by comparing patients undergoing gastrectomy with and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Phase I and pharmacologic study of i.p. 9-aminocamptothecin given as six fractions over 14 days.

We sought to define the tolerance of 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin (9-AC) when given by the i.p. route to patients with cancer in the peritoneal cavity consisting of nodules that did not exceed 1 cm in maximum diameter.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with CPT-11 and cisplatin downstages locally advanced gastric cancer.

We examined the role of neoadjuvant therapy in downstaging locally advanced gastric cancer. Preoperative staging was performed with a combination of CT scans, endoscopic ultrasonography and/or laparoscopy, and laparoscopic ultrasonography. Patients with T > or =3 tumors and/or node-positive disease by preoperative clinical staging were eligible for entry.

Intraperitoneal topoisomerase-I inhibitors. Preliminary findings with 9-aminocamptothecin.

The i.p. administration of topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitors has a pharmacologic advantage over intravenous application, including preservation of the biologically active lactone form.

Antiangiogenic effects of camptothecin analogues 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin, topotecan, and CPT-11 studied in the mouse cornea model.

Angiogenesis has been correlated with increased invasion and metastases in a variety of human neoplasms. Inadequate inhibition of the growth of tumor microvessels by anticancer agents may result in treatment failure, rated clinically as progressive or stable disease. We have investigated the antiangiogenic properties of three camptothecin analogues, 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin, topotecan, and camptosar (CPT-11), currently under investigation in clinical settings.

Pharmacodynamics of topoisomerase I inhibition: Western blot determination of topoisomerase I and cleavable complex in patients with upper gastrointestinal malignancies treated with topotecan.

Analogues of camptothecins are specific inhibitors of eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) that lead to DNA damage and, eventually, cellular cytotoxicity. Camptothecin analogues bind to this target enzyme in the course of its normal function and stabilize the DNA-enzyme adduct to form a "cleavable complex." Preclinical experiments using Western blot analyses have shown cleavable complex formation to be the key intermediate step in topo I inhibition.

Drug-induced apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: relationship between p53 gene mutation and bcl-2/bax proteins in drug resistance.

We investigated the relationship among chemosensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis in vitro, the presence of p53 gene mutations, and the expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins in B-cells from B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients. Apoptosis was induced with a camptothecin analogue, 9-amino-20(s)-camptothecin, or a purine analogue, fludarabine. Cell death was monitored by propidium iodide staining and FACS analysis.

Growth inhibition of human cancer metastases by camptothecins in newly developed xenograft models.

Several metastatic models have been developed using clonal selection of human malignant cells metastasizing into a specific organ in NIH-I Swiss immunodeficient mice. The organs of choice were the central nervous system (CNS), targeted by metastases of malignant melanoma, and the liver, with metastases of colon adenocarcinoma. Additional models of adrenal metastases by malignant melanoma, and CNS involvement by implanted human lung squamous carcinoma or lymphoblastoid cells, are also available.

Frequent homozygous deletions of D13S218 on 13q14 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia independent of disease stage and retinoblastoma gene inactivation.

A correlative study has been performed to delineate further the role of the Rb gene in the disease B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). First, we examined DNAs from B cells from 140 B-CLL patients representing all Rai stages of disease for the loss of 13q14 using two microsatellite markers mapping distal to the Rb locus. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of D13S133 was infrequent, occurring in 5 of 140 (4%) patients.

Chemosensitivity of lymphocytes from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia to chlorambucil, fludarabine, and camptothecin analogs.

Chemosensitivity of B lymphocytes, obtained from 65 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), Rai stages 0 through IV, was determined using the MTT assay. The results were expressed by the drug concentration required for 50% inhibition of cell viability (IC50). The cytotoxicity of chlorambucil (CLB) was compared with that of fludarabine and the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors, camptothecin, 9-aminocamptothecin, 10,11-methylenedioxy-20(S)-camptothecin (10,11-MDC) and 9-amino-10,11-methylenedioxy-20(S)-campthothecin (9-A-10,11-MDC), and topotecan.

p53 gene mutation in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with drug resistance and is independent of MDR1/MDR3 gene expression.

We studied 53 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and found mutations of the p53 gene in 15%. Patients with p53 gene mutations were found to have an aggressive form of B-CLL disease characterized by advanced Rai stage, rapid lymphocyte doubling time (LDT), and resistance to chemotherapy. While 27 of 29 treated patients (93%) without p53 mutations achieved a partial remission, only one of seven treated patients (14%) with p53 mutations achieved a partial remission (P = .

Camptothecin overcomes MDR1-mediated resistance in human KB carcinoma cells.

In order to understand the high efficacy of camptothecin derivatives against human colon tumor xenografts in nude mice, we have studied the transport properties of camptothecin derivatives across cellular membranes of MDR1-overexpressing cells. MDR1 overexpression was shown to have little effect on camptothecin cytotoxicity; camptothecin was equally cytotoxic to both the drug-sensitive parental cell line, KB 3-1, and its multidrug-resistant derivative, KB V1. The ability of camptothecin to overcome MDR1-mediated resistance is most likely due to unimpaired accumulation of camptothecin in MDR1 cells as suggested from the following experiments: (a) cytotoxicity of camptothecin against KB V1 cells was not altered by the known MDR1-reversing agent, verapamil; (b) camptothecin was ineffective as compared with vinblastine in competing with [3H]azidopine for photoaffinity labeling of MDR1; (c) camptothecin was equally efficient in trapping cellular topoisomerase I molecules on chromosomal DNA in the form of cleavable complexes in both KB 3-1 and KB V1 cells.