Innovative approaches to controlling Salmonella in the meat industry.

Salmonella, a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from the Enterobacteriaceae family, is a significant cause of illnesses in humans and animals. It resides in the digestive tracts of livestock, poultry, and other warm-blooded animals and can contaminate various environments and foods through fecal matter. Salmonella enterica, the main species that affects humans, is widespread in cattle, pigs, and poultry.

Cannabidiol disrupts tryptophan metabolism in the human term placenta.

The increasing use of cannabis during pregnancy raises concerns about its impact on fetal development. While cannabidiol (CBD) shows therapeutic promise, its effects during pregnancy remain uncertain. We investigated CBD's influence on tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in the human placenta.

Developmental expression of catecholamine system in the human placenta and rat fetoplacental unit.

Catecholamines norepinephrine and dopamine have been implicated in numerous physiological processes within the central nervous system. Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of tightly regulated monoamine levels for placental functions and fetal development. However, the complexities of synthesis, release, and regulation of catecholamines in the fetoplacental unit have not been fully unraveled.

Pathological shifts in tryptophan metabolism in human term placenta exposed to LPS or poly I:C†.

Maternal immune activation during pregnancy is a risk factor for offspring neuropsychiatric disorders. Among the mechanistic pathways by which maternal inflammation can affect fetal brain development and programming, those involving tryptophan (TRP) metabolism have drawn attention because various TRP metabolites have neuroactive properties. This study evaluates the effect of bacterial (lipopolysaccharides/LPS) and viral (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid/poly I:C) placental infection on TRP metabolism using an ex vivo model.

Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli from dairy farms participating in an antimicrobial stewardship educational program for farm employees.

Antimicrobial use in food-producing animals is under increasing scrutiny due to the potential effect on the selection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria that may be transmitted to humans by direct contact, with the food chain, or the environment. Novel data monitoring commensal Escherichia coli from dairy farms is essential for understanding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns and their association with herd health management practices. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in the E.

Antimicrobial stewardship on the dairy: Evaluating an on-farm framework for training farmworkers.

Dairy farmworkers are commonly responsible for disease diagnosis and routine treatment decisions for cattle. This highlights the importance of farmworkers' knowledge and skills to successfully implement judicious use of antimicrobials in livestock production systems. The main objectives of this project were to develop and evaluate an on-farm educational program for farmworkers in antimicrobial stewardship in adult dairy cattle.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 inhibitor enasidenib synergizes daunorubicin cytotoxicity by targeting aldo-keto reductase 1C3 and ATP-binding cassette transporters.

Targeting mutations that trigger acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has emerged as a refined therapeutic approach in recent years. Enasidenib (Idhifa) is the first selective inhibitor of mutated forms of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) approved against relapsed/refractory AML. In addition to its use as monotherapy, a combination trial of enasidenib with standard intensive induction therapy (daunorubicin + cytarabine) is being evaluated.

Doublet Ground State in a Vanadium(II) Complex: Redox and Coordinative Noninnocence of Tripodal Ligand Architecture.

We report on the geometric and electronic structures of a series of V tren-bridged iminopyridine complexes [tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine] that enable the observation of an unexpected doublet ground state for a nominally 3d species. Tren undergoes condensation reactions with picolinaldehyde or methyl-6-formylnictonate to form the respective tripodal ligand sets of (py)tren and (5-COMepy)tren. The (py)tren ligand is coordinated to V and V metal centers to form complex salts (OTf) and (OTf), respectively (OTf = CFSO).

Electronic Structures of Cr(III) and V(II) Polypyridyl Systems: Undertones in an Isoelectronic Analogy.

A recently reported description of the photophysical properties of V polypyridyl systems has highlighted several distinctions between isoelectronic, d, Cr, and V tris-homoleptic polypyridyl complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). Here, we combine theory and experimental data to elucidate the differences in electronic structures. We provide the first crystallographic structures of the V complexes [V(bpy)](BPh) () and [V(phen)](OTf) () and observe pronounced trigonal distortion relative to analogous Cr complexes.

Inhibition of AKR1B10-mediated metabolism of daunorubicin as a novel off-target effect for the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib.

Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors significantly improved Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukaemia therapy. Apart from Bcr-Abl kinase, imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib and ponatinib are known to have additional off-target effects that might contribute to their antitumoural activities. In our study, we identified aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) as a novel target for dasatinib.

Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Ibrutinib and Acalabrutinib Counteract Anthracycline Resistance in Cancer Cells Expressing AKR1C3.

Over the last few years, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) has been associated with the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), thereby hindering chemotherapy against cancer. In particular, impaired efficacy of the gold standards of induction therapy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has been correlated with AKR1C3 expression, as this enzyme metabolises several drugs including anthracyclines. Therefore, the development of selective AKR1C3 inhibitors may help to overcome chemoresistance in clinical practice.

Profiling of Tryptophan Metabolic Pathways in the Rat Fetoplacental Unit During Gestation.

Placental homeostasis of tryptophan is essential for fetal development and programming. The two main metabolic pathways (serotonin and kynurenine) produce bioactive metabolites with immunosuppressive, neurotoxic, or neuroprotective properties and their concentrations in the fetoplacental unit must be tightly regulated throughout gestation. Here, we investigated the expression/function of key enzymes/transporters involved in tryptophan pathways during mid-to-late gestation in rat placenta and fetal organs.

Long-Lived Mixed MLCT/MC States in Antiferromagnetically Coupled d Vanadium(II) Bipyridine and Phenanthroline Complexes.

Exploration of [V(bpy)] and [V(phen)] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) using electronic spectroscopy reveals an ultrafast excited-state decay process and implicates a pair of low-lying doublets with mixed metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) and metal-centered (MC) character. Transient absorption (TA) studies of the vanadium(II) species probing in the visible and near-IR, in combination with spectroelectrochemical techniques and computational chemistry, lead to the conclusion that after excitation into the intense and broad visible MLCT ← GS (ground-state) absorption band (ε = 900-8000 M cm), the MLCT state rapidly (τ < 200 fs) relaxes to the upper of two doublet states with mixed MLCT/MC character. Electronic interconversion (τ ∼ 2.

Long-Chain Hydrocarbons (C21, C24, and C31) Released by sp. MH778713 Break Dormancy of Mesquite Seeds Subjected to Chromium Stress.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by rhizobacteria have been proven to stimulate plant growth during germination and seedling stages. However, the modulating effect of bacterial volatiles on the germination of seeds subjected to heavy metal stress is scarcely studied. In this work, the ability of volatiles released by sp.

Adjuvant docetaxel and cyclophosphamide plus trastuzumab in patients with HER2-amplified early stage breast cancer: a single-group, open-label, phase 2 study.

Background: Previous results suggest that docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide improves disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival compared with doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide in early stage breast cancer. We assessed the addition of 1 year of trastuzumab to a non-anthracycline regimen, docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide, in patients with HER2-amplified early stage breast cancer and examined whether this regimen was equally effective in patients with TOP2A-amplified and TOP2A-non-amplified disease.

Methods: This was an open-label, single-group, phase 2 study.

Optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles on the porous structure of mordenites and ZSM-5.

ZnO nanoparticles ranging from 2 to 10 nm were grown on ZSM-5 and mordenite zeolite hosts with different SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios (MR). Formation of ZnO nanoparticles in the samples was confirmed by TEM. XRD and nitrogen adsorption measurements revealed that the zeolite structure is not destroyed.

Trapping of BTX compounds by SiO2, Ag-SiO2, Cu-SiO2, and Fe-SiO2 porous substrates.

Adsorption isotherms of BTX aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and p-xylene) on pristine (SiO2) and metal-doped (Ag-SiO2, Cu-SiO2 and Fe-SiO2) mesoporous and microporous substrates were measured and interpreted. These adsorbents were synthesized by the sol-gel procedure and their BTX sorption isotherms were obtained by the gas chromatographic technique (GC) at several temperatures in the range 423-593 K. The uptake amount of these hydrocarbon adsorptives on SiO2, Ag-SiO2, Cu-SiO2 and Fe-SiO2 mesoporous and microporous substrates was temperature-dependent.

Immune detection of acetylcholinesterase in subcellular compartments of Trypanosoma evansi.

Trypanosoma evansi is a worldwide distributed hemoparasite with a strong economic impact in veterinary activities. Despite widespread knowledge about the etiology of the disease caused by T. evansi, there are few detailed studies about the metabolism of this parasite.

Trypanosoma evansi: pharmacological evidence of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

The role of calcium and its relevance have been deeply revised with respect to trypanosomatids, as the mechanism by which calcium enters trypanosomes was, until now, not well understood. There is evidence supporting the presence of a nAChR in another member of the trypanosomatidae family, Trypanosoma cruzi, these receptors being one entry path to calcium ions. The aims of this work were to determine if there was a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in Trypanosoma evansi, and to subsequently perform a partial pharmacological characterization of this receptor.

Bis[4-(diphenyl-methyl-eneamino)phen-yl]methanone.

The title mol-ecule, C(39)H(28)N(2)O, is a well known dendron used in the synthesis of phenyl-azomethine dendrimers. The central benzophenone core is twisted, as expected, due to hindrance between H atoms: the dihedral angle between core benzene rings is 54.49 (5)°, identical to that of the stable polymorph of benzophenone (56°).

Trypanosoma evansi: Effect of experimental infection on the osmotic fragility, lipid peroxidation and calcium-ATPase activity of rat red blood cells.

Trypanosoma evansi is the causative agent of equine trypanosomoses. The disease is characterized by fever, anemia, and cachexia. Peroxidative damage of the red blood cells caused by the parasite, may contribute to the pathogenesis of the anemia seen in trypanosomoses.

Immunoglobulin A with protease activity secreted in human milk activates PAR-2 receptors, of intestinal epithelial cells HT-29, and promotes beta-defensin-2 expression.

Secretory antibodies of the immunoglobulin A (sIgA) class constitute the first line of antigen-specific immune protection against pathogens and other antigens at mucosal surfaces. Although initially perceived as potentially deleterious, catalytic antibodies have been proposed to participate in the removal of metabolic wastes and in protection against infection. Here we show that the presence of sIgA endowed with serine protease-like hydrolytic activity in milk strongly correlates with PAR-2 activation in human intestinal epithelial cells.

(S)-(+)-1-(1-Naphth-yl)-1-(2-thienylmethyl-ene)ethyl-amine.

The title chiral imine, C(17)H(15)NS, has been obtained via a direct synthesis route. The imine group displays the common E configuration, and is almost coplanar with the thio-phene heterocycle; the dihedral angle between the C=N-C group and the thio-phene ring is 5.1 (8)°.

[Metabolic syndrome and other factors cardiovascular risk in workers of a plant of vinyl polychloride].

Objective: To establish the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and other factors of cardiovascular risk in a population of masculine workers of the operative area of the plant of vinyl poly chloride of a petrochemical complex, in the occident of Venezuela.

Method: An analytical cross sectional study was performed in 84 workers, they was determined size, weight, arterial pressure, abdominal circumference, body mass index, smoke, alcoholic habits and medicaments consumption. Additionally, 10 ml fasting venous blood sample was taken to determine glycemia, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C.