Pharmacovigilance in the Age of Legalized Cannabis: Using Social Media to Monitor Drug-Drug Interactions Between Immunosuppressants and Cannabis-Derived Products.

Introduction: A clinical trial of Epidiolex, the only US FDA-approved cannabis-derived consumer product (CDP), discovered an interaction with an immunosuppressant (tacrolimus) that led to drug toxicity, highlighting the unique intersection of prescription and commonly unregulated consumer products.

Objective: We aimed to identify if similar drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are occurring among the consumer CDP market, even though they cannot be identified through trials.

Methods: We searched Reddit for subreddits related to CDPs or health, resulting in 63,561,233 posts.

A Digital Cohort Approach for Social Media Monitoring: A Cohort Study of People Who Vape E-Cigarettes.

Introduction: The evidence hierarchy in public health emphasizes longitudinal studies, whereas social media monitoring relies on aggregate analyses. Authors propose integrating longitudinal analyses into social media monitoring by creating a digital cohort of individual account holders, as demonstrated by a case study analysis of people who vape.

Methods: All English language X posts mentioning vape or vaping were collected from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2020.

E-commerce licensing loopholes: a case study of online shopping for tobacco products following a statewide sales restriction on flavoured tobacco in California.

Introduction: Retailer licensing programmes can be an effective method of enforcing tobacco control laws, but most programmes do not require e-commerce retailers to obtain licenses. California's implementation of a statewide flavour restriction (Senate Bill 793 (SB-793)) in December 2022 enforced through its tobacco retailer licensing programme presented an opportunity to assess whether the exclusion of e-commerce in the definition of 'tobacco retailer' might have resulted in a shift in consumer behaviour towards e-commerce.

Methods: To examine the association between SB-793 implementation and online shopping for tobacco, we collected weekly Google search rates related to online shopping for cigarettes and vaping products in California from January 2018 to May 2023.

Comparing Physician and Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Responses to Patient Questions Posted to a Public Social Media Forum.

Importance: The rapid expansion of virtual health care has caused a surge in patient messages concomitant with more work and burnout among health care professionals. Artificial intelligence (AI) assistants could potentially aid in creating answers to patient questions by drafting responses that could be reviewed by clinicians.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of an AI chatbot assistant (ChatGPT), released in November 2022, to provide quality and empathetic responses to patient questions.

Internet Searches for Abortion Medications Following the Leaked Supreme Court of the United States Draft Ruling.

This cross-sectional study evaluates whether internet searches for abortion medications increased following the leak of a draft Supreme Court of the United States ruling that would overturn the 1973 decision.

Quantifying Public Interest in Police Reforms by Mining Internet Search Data Following George Floyd's Death.

Background: The death of George Floyd while in police custody has resurfaced serious questions about police conduct that result in the deaths of unarmed persons.

Objective: Data-driven strategies that identify and prioritize the public's needs may engender a public health response to improve policing. We assessed how internet searches indicative of interest in police reform changed after Mr Floyd's death.

Internet Searches for Acute Anxiety During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This cross-sectional study analyzes internet search data to evaluate the association of COVID-19 with anxiety.

Identification of an element-mediated deletion in the promoter region of in siblings with GNE myopathy.

Background: GNE myopathy is a rare genetic disease characterized by progressive muscle atrophy and weakness. It is caused by biallelic mutations in the gene that encodes for the bifunctional enzyme, uridine diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) kinase. Typical characteristics of GNE myopathy include progressive myopathy, first involving anterior tibialis muscle and sparing the quadriceps, and rimmed vacuoles on muscle biopsy.

[The immuno-microbiological characteristics of the small intestine and the translocation of the enteral microflora in acute intestinal obstruction].

The complex examination of 72 patients with acute ileus (AI) of nontumor nature with different severity of endotoxicosis was carried out. The study revealed that AI was accompanied by deep suppression of the immunosecretory and motor evacuatory function of the small intestine, as well as by its pronounced bacterial contamination, mainly due to the significant quantitative prevalence of Gram-negative microflora. The combination of these factors played the key role in the increase of the permeability of the enteric barrier for symbiotic microflora and its massive translocation from the intestinal tract to the internal organs of the body (peritoneal exudate, portal bed), which directly correlated with the severity of endotoxicosis in AI patients.

[Portal and systemic bacteremia as a manifestation of the functional failure of the enteral barrier in acute intestinal obstruction].

A complex investigation of 72 patients, with acute bowel obstruction (ABO) having clinico-laboratory signs and symptoms of endotoxicosis (ET), was carried out. It was proven that ABO was accompanied by profound decrease of the immuno-secretory function of the small bowel and its extensive bacterial contamination as a result of significant increase in the concentration of gram-negative symbiotic microflora, which leads to increased permeability of bowel barrier. Consequently there is massive translocation of the internal medium of the organism by enteral microflora and most of all in the portal zone and in the presence of inadequate hepatic barrier function--the systemic blood supply which corresponds to the clinical picture of endotoxic shock.

[Effect of indirect endolymphatic antibiotic therapy on clinical and immunological indicators in patients with erysipelas of the lower extremities].

Two groups of patients with erysipelas of the lower extremities underwent indirect endolymphatic therapy with bicillin-3 (58 patients) and routine penicillin therapy (79 patients). Comparative clinicoimmunological examinations in the two groups revealed that lymphotropic administration of the antibiotic had a more favourable effect on the disease process, as evidenced by more rapid reverse time courses of erysipelas clinical signs, less frequent incidence of early relapses and normalization of the majority of immunological parameters by the end of the treatment. For estimation of the anti-recurrence efficacy of the antibiotic therapy in the patients with erysipelas, it was recommended to use a specific scale based on the principles of the Wald successive alternative analysis.

[Dynamics of clinico-immunologic indices in patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy undergoing treatment with the preparation parlodel].

The immune status and the time course of ophthalmological indices were studied in 54 patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy during bromocriptine therapy. Twelve weeks after the onset of therapy indices of the immune status returned to normal in parallel with the regression of ophthalmological symptoms. In the control group (20 patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy who did not receive bromocriptine) significant improvement of the clinicoimmunological status was unnoticed.

[Ultrastructural mechanisms of the effect of myelopeptides on brain lesions in rats receiving endotoxin and the role of receptor-mediated endocytosis].

It has been demonstrated that myelopeptide is capable of preventing some ultrastructural alterations that take place in the brain in response to intravenous lipopolysaccharide injection by neuronal receptor blockade.

[Immunological shifts in trauma].

The level of immunoglobulins, complement and properdin, data of leukograms were studied in 40 patients with closed fractures of bones with noncomplicated and complicated (by a purulent infection) course of the posttraumatic period. The authors have established variants of changes of these parameters, their correlation with the adaptation reactions of the organism and severity of the trauma.