Sexually transmitted diseases: viruses and ectoparasites. Committee on Sexually Transmitted Diseases of the American Academy of Dermatology.

This review highlights recent developments in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of nonbacterial sexually transmitted infections. Genital herpes simplex, anogenital human papillomavirus disease, molluscum contagiosum, pediculosis pubis, and scabies are discussed.

Sexually transmitted diseases: bacterial infections. Committee on Sexually Transmitted Diseases of the American Academy of Dermatology.

This update reviews the latest diagnostic and therapeutic methods regarding sexually transmitted diseases caused by bacteria. The following mucocutaneous bacterial disorders will be discussed: syphilis, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinale, and gonorrhea.

Periorbital necrobiotic xanthogranuloma and stage I multiple myeloma. Ultrastructure and response to pulsed dexamethasone documented by magnetic resonance imaging.

We observed a 40-year-old woman with necrobiotic xanthogranuloma from the inception of indurated eyelid and periorbital infiltrates and concurrent stage I multiple myeloma to resolution of infiltrates in skin and bone marrow after pulsed high-dose oral dexamethasone therapy. Ultrastructural studies revealed lipid vacuoles in epidermal keratinocytes, in dermal histiocytic macrophages, and in vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells. The presence of lipid vacuoles in epidermal keratinocytes has not been reported previously in xanthogranuloma.

Polypoid melanoma: a virulent variant of nodular melanoma. Report of three cases and literature review.

We report the cases of three patients with polypoid melanoma. In no case was there microscopic evidence of melanoma cell invasion below the papillary dermis. In the polypoid variant of nodular melanoma, melanoma cells accumulate in large volume above the skin's surface.

Evaluating work relevancy of dermatitis. Basic cognitive skills.

Occupational contact dermatitis is recognized by its history, appearance, and location. The leading causes of work related skin disease are chemical agents that include primary irritants, allergic- and photosensitizers, and systemic intoxicants that are absorbed through the skin. Recognized guidelines must be used to determine work relevancy: either the skin eruption if related directly to a specific workplace exposure or the work environment caused an aggravating effect on a preexisting non-work related skin disorder.

Analysis of 250 consecutively evaluated cases of workers' disability claims for dermatitis.

Two hundred fifty individuals who filed claims for workers' disability compensation benefits for work-related dermatoses were evaluated in the private-practice setting of the author. Preset standard guidelines were used to assess the validity of work relevancy for each claimant. The findings in this retrospective study that included workers from 14 different industrial milieus revealed that 127 of 250 examinees had skin findings that were consistent with the respective workplace exposure.

Testicular effects of bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether in the adult male rat.

The onset of testicular pathology in the rat and possible recovery over an 8-week period were evaluated after the administration of up to 20 daily oral doses of bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether (diglyme) at 5.1 mmol/kg bw (684 mg/kg bw). Primary and secondary spermatocyte degeneration and spermatidic giant cells were observed after six to eight treatments.

Lichen planus and coexisting lupus erythematosus versus lichen planus-like lupus erythematosus. Clinical, histologic, and immunopathologic considerations.

A middle-aged black woman presented initially with painful cutaneous plaques that were located at various sites and that were diagnosed histologically as lichen planus. Standard light microscopic examination showed histopathologic variants of lichen planus. Direct immunofluorescence of a skin lesion had negative results for any of the lupus erythematosus bands but did reveal hyaline bodies in the deep cellular layer of the epidermis and the superficial layer of the dermis.

Xeroderma pigmentosum and squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Identification of two black patients as members of complementation group C.

We present the identification and characterization of two patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Dermal fibroblasts from two black siblings with XP were shown to be hypersensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light measured by colony-forming ability. UV-induced unscheduled deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was reduced significantly when compared with normal levels for both strains.

Large melanoacanthomas: a report of five cases.

Five patients with melanoacanthoma are reported. The skin lesions consisted of a single, round plaque measuring several centimeters in diameter. Histologic findings were characterized by formation within an acanthotic epidermis, of many islands of small basaloid cells and highly dendritic melanocytes.

Metabolism and excretion of 2-ethoxyethanol in the adult male rat.

The routes of 14C excretion following the administration of a single oral 230 mg/kg body weight dose of 2-ethoxyethanol [ethanol-1,2-14C] or 2-ethoxyethanol [ethoxy-1-14C] to male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. Elimination of the 14C by the urinary route accounted for 76 to 80% of the dose within 96 hr. The main pathway of biotransformation is oxidation to the corresponding acid, with some subsequent conjugation of the acid metabolite with glycine.

Ultrastructural studies of xeroderma pigmentosum.

Electron microscopic observations of both sun-exposed and sun-protected skin from a black patient with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) revealed abnormal ultrastructural changes in the melanin pigmentary system, tonofibrillar-desmosome complexes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and nucleoli of all keratinocytes. The difference between the cellular changes in the sun-exposed skin and that protected from sunlight was quantitative rather than qualitative in character. The most salient changes were seen in sun-exposed specimens: melanosomes limited by a membrane showed a high degree of polymorphism with a tendency to form large complexes, and many fibroblast-like cells displayed an intense phagocytic activity for melanosomes, the latter finding not previously reported.

The effect of dietary disulfiram upon the tissue distribution and excretion of 14C-1,2-dibromoethane in the rat.

Dietary disulfiram enhances the toxicity of inhaled 1,2-dibromoethane in rats. This study was undertaken to determine whether the differential toxicity noted was associated with alterations in the levels of the compound and/or its metabolites in the target organs. A comparison of the levels of 14C in selected tissues of male rats, with and without dietary disulfiram, following the oral administration of 14C-1,2-dibromoethane was made.

Tissue distribution and excretion of 14c-styrene in male and female rats.

The tissue distribution and excretion of an oral dose of 20 mg/kg of 14C-styrene was studied in both male and female rats at various time intervals after administration. Peak tissue levels were attained at or before 4 hours post administration. The organ with the highest concentration of radioactivity per unit weight was the kidney, followed, in order of decreasing concentration, by the liver and the pancreas.

Tissue distribution and excretion of 14C-epichlorohydrin in male and female rats.

The tissue distribution and excretion of 14C-epichlorohydrin was studied in both male and female rats following an oral dose of 10 mg/kg. Organs containing the highest concentrations of radioactive label per unit weight were the kidneys, liver, pancreas, ann spleen. With the exception of the pancreas, these are the same organs in which epichlorohydrin-induced pathologic changes have been reported by a number of investigators, indicating a direct correlation between tissue levels and target organ toxicity.

Dyshidrosis.

The term dyshidrosis describes a nonspecific tissue pattern reaction characterized by a noninflammatory, pruritic (and sometimes burning) intraepidermal vesicular dermatosis involving selected areas of the fingers, palms, and soles. It should be distinguished from various pustular and vesicular dermatoses of the palms and soles with or without associated lesions elsewhere. When dyshidrotic lesions appear in areas where friction or pressure from the handling or wearing of sport gear occurs, the discomforting symptoms are noticeably accentuated and can thus interfere with the participant's effectiveness in the performance of the sport.

Tissue distribution of 14C-labeled ethylene disbromide in the guinea pig.

A study was undertaken to determine the tissue distribution of uniformly 14C-labeled ethylene dibromide in guinea pigs following intraperitoneal administration. Organs containing the greatest concentration of radioactivity per unit weight (kidneys, liver, adrenals, pancreas, and spleen) were the same organs in which pathologic changes have been reported by other investigators, indicating a direct correlation between tissue levels and target organ toxicity. The principal route of excretion was via the kidneys, 66% of the dose appearing in the urine within 72 hours of administration.